Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of new-onset diabetes in the training cohort

Variable names	Univariate Cox regression model		Multivariable Cox regression model
	HR	95%CI	HR	95%CI
Gender
Female	1		1
Male	2.63	2.38–2.91	1.76	1.49–2.07
Age (years old)
< 30	1		1
30–39	2.98	2.45–3.62	1.54	1.27–1.88
40–49	5.96	4.97–7.15	1.99	1.64–2.40
50–59	9.44	7.88–11.32	2.45	2.02–2.98
≥ 60	14.95	12.23–18.26	3.41	2.75–4.24
BMI status
Normal	1		1
Underweight	0.20	0.10–0.41	0.46	0.23–0.92
Overweight	3.31	2.94–3.72	1.45	1.28–1.64
Obesity	7.19	6.36–8.13	2.22	1.95–2.54
FPG (mmol/L)
< 5.6	1		1
5.6–6.1	15.37	13.46–17.51	9.90	8.65–11.33
6.2–7.0	39.50	35.18–44.35	21.69	19.13–24.60
Hypertension
No	1		1
Yes	3.47	3.12–3.86	1.15	1.03–1.28
Dyslipidaemia
No	1		1
Yes	3.02	2.77–3.29	1.28	1.17–1.40
Hyperuricemia
No	1		1
Yes	2.17	1.96–2.40	1.04	0.94–1.16
sCr (μmol/L)
< 57.2	1		1
57.2–68.1	1.57	1.36–1.81	0.92	0.77–1.09
68.2–78.9	1.86	1.63–2.14	0.68	0.56–0.83
> 78.9	2.05	1.79–2.34	0.63	0.48–0.82
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)
≥ 90	1		1
< 90	1.52	1.39–1.66	0.96	0.82–1.12

HR was calculated with female vs. male sex, age < 30 years vs. age 30–39 years or age 40–49 years or age 50–59 years or age ≥ 60 years, normal vs. overweight or obesity, FPG < 5.6 mmol/L vs. FPG 5.6–6.1 mmol/L or 6.2–7.0 mmol/L, with vs. without hypertension, with vs. without dyslipidaemia, with vs. without hyperuricaemia, sCr < 57.2 μmol/L vs. sCr 57.2–68.1 μmol/L or sCr 68.2–78.9 μmol/L, eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m² vs. eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m²

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; sCr, serum creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate