Fig. 5.

TNF-α and IFN-β synergistically induce BEAS-2B death in a manner similar to pyroptosis. (A&B) Representative light and fluorescence microscopy images of BEAS-2B after treated with TNF-α and IFN-β for 72 h. The green fluorescence indicates Annexin V-FITC positive. Scale bar, 100 µm. (C) The concentration of IL-1β in supernatant media was assayed by ELISA, after BEAS-2B were treated with TNF-α and IFN-β. (D) The cleaved and full length fragment of caspase-1 was assayed by western blot, after BEAS-2B were treated as indicated. The cell viability (E) and LDH release (F) of BEAS-2B were determined after cells were treated as indicated for 72 h. The results are representative of at least three separate experiments. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, * * p < 0.01, * ** p < 0.001, * ** * p < 0.0001, ns, not significant. Analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA.