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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2022 May 14;132:107367. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107367

Table 2.

Multilevel gamma log-link regression models assessing associations between sleep indices and next-day alcohol/cannabis cravings (N = 409).

Morning
Alcohol Craving		 Afternoon
Alcohol Craving		 Morning
Cannabis Craving		 Afternoon
Cannabis Craving
eb [95% CI] eb [95% CI] eb [95% CI] eb [95% CI]
Person-Level (Level 3)
 Birth Sex (0=Male; 1=Female) 0.965 [0.900, 1.035] 0.955 [0.879, 1.039] 0.946 [0.865, 1.033] 0.937 [0.861, 1.020]
 Baseline Age 0.989 [0.968, 1.011] 0.991 [0.966, 1.018] 0.999 [0.972, 1.026] 1.000 [0.974, 1.026]
 College Student (0=No; 1=Yes) 1.013 [0.921, 1.113] 1.024 [0.913, 1.147] 1.030 [0.914, 1.160] 1.009 [0.900, 1.130]
 Race/Ethnicity (ref = White/Caucasian)
  Asian/Asian American 0.992 [0.896, 1.099] 0.920 [0.814, 1.040] 0.949 [0.836, 1.078] 0.917 [0.813, 1.034]
  Other non-Hispanic 0.992 [0.905, 1.087] 0.920 [0.824, 1.027] 0.961 [0.857, 1.079] 0.922 [0.827, 1.029]
  Hispanic 0.962 [0.871, 1.063] 0.903 [0.802, 1.018] 0.960 [0.846, 1.09] 0.912 [0.809, 1.028]
 Person-Mean Proportion of Drinking Days (gmc) 1.254 [1.054, 1.494]* 2.529 [2.050, 3.119]***
 Person-Mean Proportion of Cannabis Use Days (gmc) 2.829 [2.466, 3.246]*** 3.573 [3.135, 4.071]***
 Person-Mean Sleep Duration (gmc) 0.937 [0.889, 0.988]** 0.962 [0.903, 1.025] 0.974 [0.912, 1.040] 1.029 [0.966, 1.096]
Burst-Level (Level 2)
 Burst Number 0.994 [0.984, 1.003] 1.005 [0.993, 1.017] 0.989 [0.978, 1.000] 0.996 [0.984, 1.009]
 Burst-Mean Sleep Duration (pmc) 0.970 [0.948, 0.993]** 0.965 [0.937, 0.994]** 0.983 [0.957, 1.010] 1.010 [0.979, 1.042]
Day-Level (Level 1)
 Day Number within Burst 1.001 [1.000, 1.003] 1.001 [0.999, 1.004] 0.999 [0.997, 1.001] 1.001 [0.998, 1.003]
 Day of Week (ref. = Monday)
  Tuesday 1.021 [0.999, 1.044] 1.055 [1.023, 1.087]*** 1.020 [0.996, 1.045] 0.999 [0.971, 1.028]
  Wednesday 1.038 [1.015, 1.061]** 1.106 [1.073, 1.141]*** 1.008 [0.984, 1.033] 1.021 [0.992, 1.052]
  Thursday 1.074 [1.051, 1.099]*** 1.112 [1.078, 1.147]*** 1.023 [0.998, 1.049] 1.024 [0.994, 1.055]
  Friday 1.132 [1.102, 1.162]*** 1.284 [1.236, 1.334]*** 1.070 [1.039, 1.102]*** 1.082 [1.044, 1.122]***
  Saturday 1.081 [1.051, 1.111]*** 1.186 [1.140, 1.235]*** 1.064 [1.031, 1.097]*** 1.054 [1.014, 1.095]**
  Sunday 1.014 [0.988, 1.041] 1.031 [0.994, 1.069] 1.036 [1.006, 1.066]* 1.035 [1.000, 1.072]
 Work or School on this Day (0=No; 1=Yes) (pmc) 0.974 [0.955, 0.994]** 0.987 [0.959, 1.015] 0.963 [0.942, 0.984]*** 0.993 [0.966, 1.020]
 Work or School Tomorrow (0=No; 1=Yes) (pmc) 0.964 [0.945, 0.983]*** 0.963 [0.931, 0.996]* 0.980 [0.959, 1.002] 0.978 [0.947, 1.011]
 Last Night Sleep Duration (bmc) 0.990 [0.986, 0.995]*** 0.993 [0.986, 0.999]* 0.986 [0.981, 0.991]*** 0.993 [0.987, 0.999]*

Note. Gmc = grand mean centered. Pmc = person mean centered. Bmc = burst mean centered. eb = exponentiated beta in which values greater than 1 indicate positive associations and values less than 1 indicated negative/inverse associations. Models are fit with random intercepts for each participant and for each burst.

*

p<.05;

**

p<.01;

***

p<.001.