Table 5.
Available studies on particle therapy in SGCs and median age of each study population.
| First Author | Journal | Year | Particle therapy facility | Histotype | Head and neck subsite | N. of patients | Type of particle therapy | Median age (years) | Influence of age on outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mizoe
(94) |
IJROBP | 2004 | Chiba, Japan | Mixed | – | 36 | C12 | 59-60 | – |
|
Mizoe
(95) |
IJROBP | 2012 | Chiba, Japan | Mixed | – | 236 | C12 | 56,5 | – |
|
Koto
(96) |
IJROBP | 2018 | J-CROS, Japan | Mixed | sinonasal | 458 | C12 | 63 | Age is a prognostic factor for OS |
|
Shirai
(97) |
Cancer Sci | 2017 | J-CROS, Japan | MEC | – | 26 | C12 | 61 | – |
| Sulaiman (98) | IJROBP | 2018 | J-CROS, Japan | AdCC | – | 289 | C12 | 58 | Age is a prognostic factor for OS |
| Hayashi (99) | Cancer Sci | 2018 | J-CROS, Japan | Major SGC | – | 69 | C12 | 62 | No significant influence (multivariate) |
|
Abe
(100) |
Cancer Med | 2018 | J-CROS, Japan | non-SCC HNC | nasopharynx | 43 | C12 | 63 | No significant influence (multivariate) |
| Hayashi (101) | Cancer Med | 2019 | J-CROS, Japan | Mixed | auditory canal | 31 | C12 | 55 | No significant influence (multivariate) |
| Jensen (103) | Cancer | 2015 | Heidelberg, Germany | AdCC | – | 58 | C12+IMRT | 58 | – |
| Jensen (104) | IJROBP | 2015 | Heidelberg, Germany | SGCs | – | 53 | C12+IMRT | 58 | No significant influence (univariate) |
| Jensen (105) | Radiother Oncol | 2015 | Heidelberg, Germany | AdCC | – | 309 | C12+IMRT | 56 | No significant influence (univariate) |
| Akbaba (106) | Cancer Man Res | 2019 | Heidelberg, Germany | Mixed | lacrimal gland | 24 | C12+IMRT | 51 | – |
| Akbaba (107) | Oral Oncol | 2019 | Heidelberg, Germany | AdCC | nasopharynx | 59 | C12+IMRT | 59 | – |
| Pommier (108) | Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | 2006 | MGH, U.S.A. | AdCC | skull base | 23 | protons | 46 | – |
| Linton (109) | Head Neck | 2015 | Indianapolis, U.S.A. | AdCC | – | 26 | protons | 46 | No significant influence (multivariate) |
| Gentile (110) | Oral Oncol | 2017 | MGH, U.S.A. | AdCC | nasopharynx/skull base | 14 | protons | 52 | – |
| Dautruche (111) | Cancer Radiother | 2018 | Orsay, France | AdCC | sinonasal | 13 | protons +/- photons | 55 | – |
|
Pelak
(112) |
Oral Oncol | 2019 | PSI, Switzerland | AdCC | – | 35 | protons | 45,4 | Worse prognosis with increasing age |
| Weber (117) | Radiother Oncol | 2006 | MGH, U.S.A. | Mixed | sinonasal | 33 | protons | 54 | Increasing age predics late toxicities (univariate) |
| Ikawa (118) | Cancer Med | 2019 | Multi-center Japan | non-SCC | oral cavity | 76 | C12 | 61,5 | – |
| Ikawa (119) | Head Neck | 2019 | Chiba, Japan | non-SCC | oral cavity | 74 | C12 | 56 | No significant influence (multivariate) |
| Hagiwara (120) | Head Neck | 2019 | Chiba, Japan | SGCs | sphenoid sinus | 15 | C12 | 55 | – |
| Hayashi (121) | Oncotarget | 2018 | Chiba, Japan | Mixed | lacrimal gland | 33 | C12 | 58 | – |
|
Koto
(122) |
Head Neck | 2017 | Chiba, Japan | SGCs | parotid | 46 | C12 | 57 | – |
|
Koto
(123) |
Head Neck | 2016 | Chiba, Japan | AdCC | tongue base | 18 | C12 | 55 | No significant influence (univariate) |
|
Lang
(124) |
Cancers (Basel) | 2018 | Heidelberg, Germany | AdCC | minor salivary glands | 67 | C12+IMRT | 67 | No significant influence (multivariate) |
| Morimoto (125) | Jpn J Clin Oncol | 2014 | Hyogo, Japan | Mixed | skull base | 57 | protons or C12 | 55 | – |
| Takagi (126) | Radiother Oncol | 2014 | Hyogo, Japan | AdCC | – | 80 | protons or C12 | 59,5 | No significant influence (multivariate) |
| Lesueur (127) | Front Oncol | 2019 | Orsay, France | AdCC | lacrimal gland | 15 | protons | 43 | – |
|
Hu
(128) |
Front Oncol | 2020 | SPHIC, China | AdCC | sinonasal | 38 | C12 | 45 | – |
|
Shirai
(129) |
Cancer Sci | 2017 | Gunma, Japan | non-SCC | – | 35 | C12 | 59 | No significant influence (multivariate) |
| Re-irradiation with particle therapy | |||||||||
| Vischioni (113) | Radiother Oncol | 2020 | CNAO, Italy | SGCs | re-RT | 51 | C12 | 60 | Worse prognosis with increasing age |
| Jensen (114) | Radiother Oncol | 2015 | Heidelberg, Germany | AdCC | re-RT | 52 | C12 | 54 | – |
|
Held
(115) |
IJROBP | 2019 | Heidelberg, Germany | AdCC | re-RT | 124 | C12 | NA | No significant influence (multivariate) |
| Hayashi (116) | Radiother Oncol | 2019 | Chiba/NIRS | Mixed | re-RT | 48 | C12 | 56.5 | – |
| McDonald (130) | IJROBP | 2016 | Indianapolis, U.S.A. | Mixed | re-RT | 61 | protons | 62 (SCC) vs 53 (non-SCC) |
– |
J-CROS, Japan Carbon Ion Radiation Oncology Study Group; MGH, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, U.S.A; SPHIC, Shangai Proton Ans Heavy Ion Center; PSI, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland; CNAO, National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia, Italy. NA, Not Available.