Fig. 3.

a In-plane thermal conductivity of graphene paper and through-plane thermal conductivity (κ_⊥) of HSGM, VAGM and LM-VAGM. b Comparison of the κ_⊥ of LM-VAGM with the reported thermally conductive materials based on vertically aligned structure. c The test platform for demonstrating the heat transfer capacity along the through-plane direction, with the resultant surface temperature evolution and the corresponding IR images shown in d and e, respectively. The κ_⊥ of LM-VAGM as a function of f environmental temperature and g high/low-temperature cycle