Table 2. Diagnostic criteria and screening tools.

Diagnostic criteria and screening tools used to diagnose mTBI in each selected study.

Abbreviations: LOC, loss of consciousness; PTA, post-traumatic amnesia; SCAT3, Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3; WHO, World Health Organization; TBI, traumatic brain injury; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; DoD, Department of Defense; SAC, Standardized Assessment of Concussion Test.

Authors, year of publication	Diagnostic criteria	Symptom screening tool
Asken et al. (2020) [26]	Consensus criteria from the 4th and 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport including one or more of the following: somatic (i.e. headache), cognitive (i.e. feeling like in a fog), and/or emotional symptoms (i.e. lability); physical signs (i.e. LOC/PTA/neurological deficit); balance impairment (i.e. gait unsteadiness); behavioral changes (i.e. irritability); cognitive impairment (i.e. slowed reaction times); sleep/wake disturbance (i.e. somnolence/drowsiness) [30,31]	SCAT3, King-Devick test
Clarke et al. (2021) [20]	WHO criteria: sustained a TBI, GCS score 13-15, no or <30 minutes of LOC, no or <24 hours of PTA [32]	Unspecified
Gill et al. (2018) [27]	Suspected TBI, GCS score 13-15	Unspecified
Giza et al. (2021) [28]	Consensus definition from the U.S. DoD evidence-based guidelines: potential concussive event, GCS score 13-15, <30 minutes LOC [33]	SCAT3, SAC
Hossain et al. (2019) [21]	Clinical diagnosis of TBI, GCS score 13-15	Unspecified
McCrea et al. (2020) [29]	Consensus definition from the U.S. DoD evidence-based guidelines: potential concussive event, GCS score 13-15, <30 minutes LOC [33]	SCAT3, SAC
Pattinson et al. (2020) [22]	Consensus definition from the U.S. DoD evidence-based guidelines: potential concussive event, GCS score 13-15, <30 minutes [33]; could also have observed or documented alterations in consciousness and/or mental state within 24 hours, <30 minutes of LOC, and/or <24 hours of PTA	Unspecified
Posti et al. (2019) [23]	Clinical diagnosis of TBI, GCS score 13-15	Unspecified
Shahim et al. (2018) [25]	Consensus criteria from the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport including one or more of the following: somatic (i.e. headache), cognitive (i.e. feeling like in a fog), and/or emotional symptoms (i.e. lability); physical signs (i.e. LOC/PTA); behavioral changes (irritability); cognitive impairment (i.e. slowed reaction times); sleep disturbance (i.e. insomnia) [30]	Unspecified (although diagnostic criteria recommend the use of SCAT3 or SAC)
Shahim et al. (2017) [24]	Consensus criteria from the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport including one or more of the following: somatic (i.e. headache), cognitive (i.e. feeling like in a fog), and/or emotional symptoms (i.e. lability); physical signs (i.e. LOC/PTA); behavioral changes (irritability); cognitive impairment (i.e. slowed reaction times); sleep disturbance (i.e. insomnia) [30]	Unspecified (although diagnostic criteria recommend the use of SCAT3 or SAC)