Table 3.
Top 20 countries with the highest number of published articles in PubMed (1946-2021) in the epicriminology field along with their respective region, number of articles, prisoner population (average 2000-2020), article rate per 1000 prisoners, and publication rate.
| Crude rank | Country | Region | Articles, n (%) | Prisoner populationa | Article rate per 1000 prisonersb | Publicationrate rank |
| 1 | United States | North America | 9292 (43.2) | 2,156,813 | 4.3 | 15 |
| 2 | United Kingdom | Europe | 2070 (9.6) | 79,564 | 26 | 9 |
| 3 | Australia | Oceania | 1289 (6) | 30,685 | 42 | 5 |
| 4 | Canada | North America | 1077 (5) | 38,321 | 28.1 | 8 |
| 5 | France | Europe | 493 (2.3) | 62,158 | 7.9 | 11 |
| 6 | Sweden | Europe | 488 (2.3) | 6303 | 77.4 | 1 |
| 7 | Netherlands | Europe | 483 (2.2) | 14,470 | 33.4 | 7 |
| 8 | Italy | Europe | 427 (2) | 56,090 | 7.6 | 12 |
| 9 | Germany | Europe | 393 (1.8) | 68,437 | 5.7 | 13 |
| 10 | China | Asia | 367 (1.7) | 1,633,561 | 0.2 | 20 |
| 11 | Brazil | South America | 346 (1.6) | 509,602 | 0.7 | 18c |
| 12 | Spain | Europe | 330 (1.5) | 61,715 | 5.3 | 14 |
| 13 | India | Asia | 267 (1.2) | 385,832 | 0.7 | 18c |
| 14 | Switzerland | Europe | 250 (1.2) | 6257 | 40 | 6 |
| 15 | Finland | Europe | 226 (1) | 3233 | 70 | 2 |
| 16 | Japan | Asia | 215 (1) | 65,397 | 3.3 | 16 |
| 17 | Denmark | Europe | 195 (0.9) | 3742 | 52.1 | 4 |
| 18 | Norway | Europe | 192 (0.9) | 3289 | 58.4 | 3 |
| 19 | South Africa | Africa | 191 (0.9) | 164,629 | 1.2 | 17 |
| 20 | New Zealand | Oceania | 185 (0.9) | 8051 | 23 | 10 |
aAverage prisoner population 2000 to 2020 (Source: World Prison Brief [14]).
bRate per 1000 prisoners
cEqual rank between University of Michigan, University of Maryland, and Emory University.