Table 5.

Top 20 universities with the most published articles in PubMed (1946-2021) in the epicriminology field along with their respective country, number of articles, prisoner population (average 2000-2020), and article rate per 1000 prisoners and publication rate.

Crude rank	University	Country	Articles, n (%)	Prisoner populationa	Article rate per 1000b	Publication rate rank
1	University of California	United States	599 (2.8)	2,156,813	0.3	9
2	Harvard University	United States	252 (1.2)	2,156,813	0.1	10
3	University of New South Wales	Australia	246 (1.1)	30,685	8	2
4	Texas University	United States	242 (1.1)	2,156,813	0.1	11
5	Johns Hopkins	United States	239 (1.1)	2,156,813	0.1	12
6	University of Washington	United States	214 (1)	2,156,813	0.1	13
7	Yale University	United States	192 (0.9)	2,156,813	0.1	14
8	Kings College London	United Kingdom	188 (0.9)	79,564	2.4	6
9	Columbia University	United States	184 (0.9)	2,156,813	0.1	15
10	Karolinska Institute	Sweden	184 (0.9)	6303	29.2	1
11	University of North Carolina	United States	179 (0.8)	2,156,813	0.1	16
12	Brown University	United States	159 (0.7)	2,156,813	0.1	17
13	Oxford University	United Kingdom	145 (0.7)	79,564	1.8	7
14	University of British Columbia	Canada	140 (0.7)	38,321	3.7	4
15	University of Toronto	Canada	132 (0.6)	38,321	3.4	5
16	University of Melbourne	Australia	127 (0.6)	30,685	4.1	3
17	Emory University	United Kingdom	119 (0.6)	2,156,813	0.1	18c
18	University College London	United States	118 (0.5)	79,564	1.5	8
19	University of Michigan	United States	118 (0.5)	2,156,813	0.1	18c
20	University of Maryland	United States	118 (0.5)	2,156,813	0.1	18c

^aAverage prisoner population 2000 to 2020 (Source: World Prison Brief [14]).

^bRate per 1000 prisoners.

^cEqual rank between University of Michigan, University of Maryland, and Emory University.