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. 2022 Dec 9;8(49):eadd3599. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.add3599

Fig. 3. Characterization of O-TPNVs.

Fig. 3.

(A) Confocal images of the stable cell line expressing TIGIT protein (green, EGFP-TIGIT; blue, nuclei). Scale bar, 200 μm. (B and C) Expression of TIGIT on stable cells analyzed by flow cytometry. Representative flow cytometry image (B) and frequency of TIGIT+ cells (C) (n = 4 biological replicates per group). (D) Confocal images of stable cells expressing TIGIT protein on the cell membrane (red, plasma membranes stained with DiI; green, EGFP-TIGIT; blue, nuclei stained with DAPI). Scale bar, 10 μm. (E) TEM image of TPNVs. Scale bar, 200 nm. (F) Particle size distribution of TPNVs analyzed by DLS. (G) Size (left) and zeta potential (right) of TIGIT NVs, PNVs, and TPNVs (n = 7 biologically independent samples for size, and n = 12 biologically independent samples for zeta potential). (H) Confocal images of TPNVs (green, TIGIT NVs labeled with DiO; red, PNVs labeled with DiI). Scale bar, 10 μm. (I) Stability of TPNVs. Changes in size and zeta potential of TPNVs in PBS over a specified period of time (n = 5 biologically independent samples for size, and n = 6 biologically independent samples for zeta potential). (J) Loading efficiency of OXA in TPNVs (n = 5 biological replicates per group). Statistical significance was calculated by unpaired two-tailed t test for (C) or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey post hoc test for (G).