Fig. 3. The Delta variant produces a strong ACE2-independent interaction and exhibits reduced motion at the cell surface.

(A) Mutations and deletions (red/yellow dots) for the Delta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 monomer (PDB 6VXX) (52). Inset table lists the mutations. (B) D_traj for trajectories greater than eight frames. Colored areas represent the same control ranges from Fig. 1D. ****P < 0.0001. Trajectory sample size, from at least two independent experiments, is indicated at the bottom of each bar. (C) Representative trajectories and MSD curves for D_N (left), D_LC (middle), and D_C (right). (D) Percentage of trajectory population in each classification. ***P < 0.001. (E) Top: Representative D_LC trajectory with dotted lines indicating transition points between states. Bottom: Representative sum of the net and total displacement, with a rolling average of five frames. (F) Average diffusion durations for each variant PVP. *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001. (G) Average confinement durations for each variant PVP. ****P < 0.0001. (H) Comparison of confinement durations of D614G and Delta variant S for HEK^ACE2 and HEK^WT cells. *P < 0.05 Trajectory sample size, from at least two independent experiments, is indicated at the bottom of each bar. Error bars represent SE.