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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 9.
Published in final edited form as: J Investig Med. 2004 Jan;52(1):62–71. doi: 10.1136/jim-52-01-29

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Effect of intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen gradients on the formation of NO and NO-related species: subsequent effect on mitochondria- and non–mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. The fate of intracellular NO is highly dependent on the relative concentrations of NO and reactive oxygen species. This simplified diagram demonstrates that NO, when produced in the presence of superoxide (O2−), forms peroxynitrite (ONOO−) which stimulates cytochrome-c release from mitochondria. This release can result in apoptosis of the cell. On the other hand, when NO is produced under more physiologic circumstances, it can S-nitrosate caspases and inhibit apoptosis. Adapted from Boyd CS and Cadenas E.51 RNSO = S-nitrosated thiols; RSH = reduced thiol species.