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. 2022 Aug 10;27(11):4464–4473. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01722-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Fig. 2 — A left panel: Schematic overview of the face matching task. Participants had to select either one of the two faces or forms shown at the bottom of the screen that was identical to the target stimulus shown at the top of the screen. A right panel: C-allele carrier (C/C and C/T) showed increased brain responses in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) compared to those with the T/T genotype during matching faces vs. forms (faces > forms; MNI coordinate: x = 15, y = 23, z = 27, peak-voxel family-wise error-corrected [FWE] P = 0.010, T = 3.9 within bilateral ACC). B left panel: Schematic overview of the Flanker/Go-NoGo task. Participants had to respond to the direction of the arrow shown in the centre (red box for illustration purposes only) B right panel: C-allele carriers (C/C and C/T) showed reduced brain responses in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L dlPFC) compared to those homozygous for the T allele during executive functioning (contrast: [incongruent & nogo] > [congruent & neutral]; MNI coordinates: x = −54, y = 32, z = 21, peak-voxel pFWE-corrected=0.039, T = 4.55, across the whole-brain). Brain maps were thresholded at p < 0.001 uncorrected for display purposes. Error bars indicate ± 1 standard error. C left panel: Schematic overview of the fear conditioning and extinction task. During the acquisition phase, 50% of CS+ was paired pseudo-randomly with the US and 50% were not. Only those trials in which no US was delivered were analysed during acquisition to avoid overlap with neuron activation directly related to the presentation of the US. C right panel: Using ROI analysis within the ACC, homozygote risk allele carriers (C/C) compared to T/T homozygotes revealed increased activation in the dACC for CS+ after fear acquisition (CS+ in the late acquisition> CS+ in the late familiarization; cluster size = 61; peak-voxel family-wise error-corrected [FWE] P = 0.014, T = 3.87), and activation reduction for CS+ after fear extinction (CS+ in the late acquisition >CS+ in the late extinction; cluster size = 11; peak-voxel family-wise error-corrected [FWE] P = 0.018, T = 3.86). Brain maps were thresholded at p < 0.001 uncorrected for display purposes. Error bars indicate ± 1 standard error.