Table 4.
Discriminant analysis classifying sex and castration status based on three-group (castrate, full male, female) analysis for complete bones and proximal and distal bone parts separately. The two most important variables identified by the model for metric three-group separation are in bold
| Element | Part | Measurements | Accuracy | F1-score | Balanced accuracy | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Castrate | Male | Female | Castrate | Male | |||||
| Humerus | Complete | GLC, Bp, SD, BT, HT, DC, Dp, Dd | 80.6 | 96.6 | 66.7 | 66.7 | 97.1 | 76.5 | 76.9 | 0.0001 |
| Humerus | Proximal | Bp, DC, Dp | 83.9 | 96.6 | 75 | 70.6 | 97.1 | 81.1 | 81 | 0 |
| Humerus | Distal | Bd, BT, HT, HTC, Dd | 83.9 | 100 | 70.6 | 70.6 | 100 | 78.8 | 81 | 0 |
| Radioulna | Complete | PL, Bp, Bd, Dd, Dp, LO, SDO | 96.9 | 100 | 94.7 | 92.3 | 100 | 97.8 | 92.9 | 0 |
| Radioulna | Proximal | Bp, BFp, Dp, LO, SDO | 96.9 | 100 | 94.7 | 92.3 | 100 | 97.8 | 92.9 | 0 |
| Radioulna | Distal | Bd, Dd | 84.4 | 97 | 70.6 | 71.4 | 96.9 | 79 | 81.7 | 0.0001 |
| Metacarpus | Complete | GL, Bp, Dp, SD, Bd, BDF, BA | 84.9 | 100 | 84 | 63.6 | 100 | 86.4 | 73.7 | 0 |
| Metacarpus | Proximal | Bp, Dp, BAp, DFp | 77.4 | 97.1 | 76 | 47.6 | 98.6 | 78.7 | 65.3 | 0 |
| Metacarpus | Distal | Bd, BTm, BTl, DVm, DVl, BDF, BA, SDD | 81.1 | 97.1 | 78.3 | 64 | 98.6 | 81.2 | 74.7 | 0 |
| Femur | Complete | GLC, Bp, DC, SD, Bd, Dd, BT | 79.3 | 96.3 | 66.7 | 62.5 | 96.9 | 76.5 | 74.1 | 0.0002 |
| Femur | Proximal | Bp, DC | 75.9 | 96.3 | 57.1 | 58.8 | 96.9 | 70.2 | 71.7 | 0.0007 |
| Femur | Distal | Bd, Dd, BT | 86.2 | 96.3 | 80 | 75 | 96.9 | 85.1 | 82.7 | 0 |
| Tibia | Complete | PL, SD, Dd, Dp, BFp, BFd | 78.8 | 100 | 58.8 | 63.2 | 100 | 71.5 | 75 | 0.0001 |
| Tibia | Proximal | BFp, Dp | 72.7 | 90.9 | 42.9 | 63.2 | 91.7 | 62.5 | 75 | 0.0014 |
| Tibia | Distal | Bd, Dd, BFd | 75.8 | 93.8 | 53.3 | 63.2 | 94.4 | 68.1 | 75 | 0.0004 |
| Metatarsus | Complete | GL, Bp, Dp, SD, Bd, BDF, BA | 83.7 | 96.8 | 82.9 | 69.2 | 96.9 | 86.4 | 77.9 | 0 |
| Metatarsus | Proximal | Bp, Dp, BAp, DFp | 67.3 | 90.9 | 68.2 | 28.6 | 93.8 | 72.8 | 55 | 0 |
| Metatarsus | Distal | Bd, BTm, BTl, DVm, DVl, BDF, BA, SDD | 79.6 | 93.8 | 75.7 | 69 | 95.4 | 80.2 | 78.6 | 0 |