Fig. 1.

Short-term recovery of muscle and liver glycogen stores after exhaustive exercise using different combinations of monosaccharides. Fructose-glucose carbohydrate mixtures have been demonstrated to be very effective in replenishment of both muscle and liver glycogen stores. On the other hand, while glucose-based carbohydrates cause robust rates of muscle glycogen replenishment, liver glycogen synthesis rates are inferior as compared to a combination of fructose-glucose- and galactose-glucose-based carbohydrates. No data are currently available for muscle glycogen synthesis rates after ingesting a galactose-glucose mixture. It is hypothesized (but not established) that combining fructose-galactose-glucose-based carbohydrates would be optimal for post-exercise repletion of both glycogen pools. CHO carbohydrate