Table 3.
IV Estimates—the effect of green and digital technologies on regional emissions
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Green Tech. (log) [Instrumented] | −1.102*** | −2.178*** | −2.220*** |
| (0.110) | (0.255) | (0.256) | |
| Digital Tech. (log) | 2.019*** | 2.887*** | |
| (0.383) | (0.549) | ||
| Green [Instr.] × Digital Tech. (log) | −0.184*** | ||
| (0.070) | |||
| Population (log) | 3.928*** | 4.113*** | 4.112*** |
| (0.104) | (0.112) | (0.112) | |
| Value Added Manuf. (log) | 1.347*** | 1.454*** | 1.445*** |
| (0.155) | (0.156) | (0.156) | |
| Dirty Units (log) | 0.054 | 0.050 | 0.052 |
| (0.033) | (0.033) | (0.033) | |
| Intermediate | 0.276 | 0.022 | 0.009 |
| (0.179) | (0.186) | (0.186) | |
| Rural | −0.118 | −0.500** | −0.497** |
| (0.201) | (0.216) | (0.215) | |
| Pre-sample Mean GHG (log) | 0.390*** | 0.403*** | 0.403*** |
| (0.008) | (0.009) | (0.009) | |
| Year Dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| # Observations | 10,510 | 10,510 | 10,510 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.399 | 0.401 | 0.401 |
| Over-identification Test [χ2 (p-value)] | 1.900 | 2.259 | 2.158 |
| (0.168) | (0.133) | (0.142) |
First step estimates in Table 8. Robust standard errors in parentheses, clustered at metroregion-level: ***, **, *, indicate significance at the 1%, 5% and 10% level, respectively