Table 4.

Tobit estimates—the effect of the individual digital technology categories on regional emissions

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Green Tech (log)	−1.013***	−0.890***	−0.994***	−0.974***	−0.943***	−0.977***
	(0.097)	(0.106)	(0.093)	(0.094)	(0.100)	(0.111)
Additive Manuf. (log)	2.144*
	(1.185)
Green × Additive Manuf. (log)	−0.531**
	(0.216)
AI (log)		−0.787
		(1.222)
Green × AI (log)		−0.143
		(0.207)
Big Data (log)			5.456*
			(3.294)
Green × Big Data (log)			−1.474***
			(0.535)
Computing Infra. (log)				6.158**
				(2.802)
Green × Computing Infra. (log)				−1.603***
				(0.449)
IoT (log)					2.100
					(1.938)
Green × IoT (log)					−0.662**
					(0.323)
Robotics						1.349**
						(0.603)
Green × Robotics (log)						−0.377***
						(0.116)
Population (log)	4.832***	4.848***	4.834***	4.841***	4.840***	4.836***
	(0.134)	(0.135)	(0.135)	(0.134)	(0.134)	(0.134)
Value Added Manuf. (log)	1.866***	1.853***	1.858***	1.849***	1.848***	1.837***
	(0.214)	(0.214)	(0.214)	(0.214)	(0.214)	(0.215)
Dirty Units (log)	0.106**	0.107**	0.105**	0.106**	0.107**	0.107**
	(0.046)	(0.046)	(0.046)	(0.046)	(0.046)	(0.046)
Intermediate	0.771***	0.747***	0.783***	0.774***	0.772***	0.769***
	(0.220)	(0.220)	(0.220)	(0.220)	(0.220)	(0.220)
Rural	0.371	0.370	0.380	0.387	0.390	0.395
	(0.253)	(0.253)	(0.253)	(0.253)	(0.253)	(0.253)
Pre-sample Mean GHG (log)	0.481***	0.479***	0.481***	0.481***	0.480***	0.480***
	(0.011)	(0.011)	(0.011)	(0.011)	(0.011)	(0.011)
Year Dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
# Observations	10,510	10,510	10,510	10,510	10,510	10,510
Log-likelihood	−30,937.39	−30,935.07	−30,936.41	−30,934.44	−30,935.33	−30,935.82
Wald Test	5831.87***	5837.37***	5834.74***	5839.66***	5837.26***	5835.03***

Robust standard errors in parentheses, clustered at metroregion-level: ***, **, *, indicate significance at the 1%, 5% and 10% level, respectively