. 2022 Dec 3:1–16. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10209-022-00957-w

Table 4.

Design and Stimulus Material of the 2 (Medium) × 2 (Situation) Vignette Experiment

	AR-based innovative medium	Social robot-based innovative medium
Instrumental situation	Imagine that your grandparent has just bought a new vacuum cleaner, but can't manage it and asks you for help. A personal visit is not possible at the moment. You have to resort to media communication. As part of a project at Technische Universität Ilmenau, a new type of augmented reality-based communication system is available to you and your grandparent. This augmented reality system enriches the real environment acoustically and visually with virtual objects and persons and projects them as holograms onto a free space in the room. With the help of AR glasses, you and your grandparent can see and hear each other as if you were actually at each other's homes. The technical system is set up in such a way that you are virtually transported to your grandparent's home from their point of view, while you experience your grandparent at home. You can stand next to your virtual grandparent, take a close look at the vacuum cleaner, which is also virtual, and demonstrate the correct hand movements with your own hands. In this way, you can help your grandparent to start up the vacuum cleaner and insert the dust bin. For your grandparent, it is as if you were visiting and helping on the spot, embodied as a hologram.	Imagine that your grandparent has just bought a new vacuum cleaner, but can't manage it and asks you for help. A personal visit is not possible at the moment. You have to resort to media communication. As part of a project at Technische Universität Ilmenau, a new type of robot-assisted communication system is available to you and your grandparent. This system consists of a mobile robot with a robot arm, a camera and a screen. The robot is located in your grandparent's home and can be controlled remotely by you during the contact. Your grandparent can see and hear you through the robot's screen. By controlling the robot around the room, you can see and hear your grandparent and look around the room. With the robot, you can stand next to your grandparent, look closely at the vacuum cleaner and point to the right places on the vacuum cleaner with the robot arm that you can control remotely. This way you can help your grandparent to start up the vacuum cleaner and insert the dust bin. For your grandparent, it is as if you, represented by the robot, are visiting and helping on the spot.
Socio-emotional situation	Imagine that your grandparent has just found an old family photo album. They are very excited about it and want to look at it with you right away. A personal visit is currently not possible. You have to resort to media communication. As part of a project at Technische Universität Ilmenau, a new type of augmented reality-based communication system is available to you and your grandparent. This augmented reality system enriches the real environment acoustically and visually with virtual objects and persons and projects them as holograms onto a free space in the room. With the help of AR glasses, you and your grandparent can see and hear each other as if you were actually at each other's homes. The technical system is set up in such a way that you are virtually transported to your grandparent's home from their point of view, while you experience your grandparent at home. You can sit next to your virtual grandparent on the sofa, look closely at the virtual photo album and point with your finger at objects or people in the photos that you are talking about with your grandparent. This way you can keep your grandparent company while looking at the photo album. For your grandparent, it is as if you are visiting them as a hologram and keeping them company.	Imagine that your grandparent has just found an old family photo album. They are very excited about it and want to look at it with you right away. A personal visit is currently not possible. You have to resort to media communication. As part of a project at Technische Universität Ilmenau, a new type of robot-assisted communication system is available to you and your grandparent. This system consists of a mobile robot with a robot arm, a camera and a screen. The robot is located in your grandparent's home and can be controlled remotely by you during the contact. Your grandparent can see and hear you through the robot's screen. By controlling the robot around the room, you can see and hear your grandparent and look around the room. With the robot, you can stand next to your grandparent sitting on the sofa and use the robot arm, which you can control remotely, to point at objects or people in the photos that you are talking about with your grandparent. This allows you to keep your grandparent company while looking at the photo album. For your grandparent, it is as if you, represented by the robot, are visiting and keeping them company.

AR-based innovative medium

Social robot-based innovative medium

Instrumental situation

Imagine that your grandparent has just bought a new vacuum cleaner, but can't manage it and asks you for help. A personal visit is not possible at the moment. You have to resort to media communication.

As part of a project at Technische Universität Ilmenau, a new type of augmented reality-based communication system is available to you and your grandparent.

This augmented reality system enriches the real environment acoustically and visually with virtual objects and persons and projects them as holograms onto a free space in the room. With the help of AR glasses, you and your grandparent can see and hear each other as if you were actually at each other's homes. The technical system is set up in such a way that you are virtually transported to your grandparent's home from their point of view, while you experience your grandparent at home.

You can stand next to your virtual grandparent, take a close look at the vacuum cleaner, which is also virtual, and demonstrate the correct hand movements with your own hands. In this way, you can help your grandparent to start up the vacuum cleaner and insert the dust bin. For your grandparent, it is as if you were visiting and helping on the spot, embodied as a hologram.

As part of a project at Technische Universität Ilmenau, a new type of robot-assisted communication system is available to you and your grandparent.

This system consists of a mobile robot with a robot arm, a camera and a screen. The robot is located in your grandparent's home and can be controlled remotely by you during the contact. Your grandparent can see and hear you through the robot's screen. By controlling the robot around the room, you can see and hear your grandparent and look around the room.

With the robot, you can stand next to your grandparent, look closely at the vacuum cleaner and point to the right places on the vacuum cleaner with the robot arm that you can control remotely. This way you can help your grandparent to start up the vacuum cleaner and insert the dust bin. For your grandparent, it is as if you, represented by the robot, are visiting and helping on the spot.

Socio-emotional situation

Imagine that your grandparent has just found an old family photo album. They are very excited about it and want to look at it with you right away. A personal visit is currently not possible. You have to resort to media communication.

As part of a project at Technische Universität Ilmenau, a new type of augmented reality-based communication system is available to you and your grandparent.

You can sit next to your virtual grandparent on the sofa, look closely at the virtual photo album and point with your finger at objects or people in the photos that you are talking about with your grandparent. This way you can keep your grandparent company while looking at the photo album. For your grandparent, it is as if you are visiting them as a hologram and keeping them company.

As part of a project at Technische Universität Ilmenau, a new type of robot-assisted communication system is available to you and your grandparent.

With the robot, you can stand next to your grandparent sitting on the sofa and use the robot arm, which you can control remotely, to point at objects or people in the photos that you are talking about with your grandparent. This allows you to keep your grandparent company while looking at the photo album. For your grandparent, it is as if you, represented by the robot, are visiting and keeping them company.