Table 4.

Nonhuman primate models for EBV vaccines.

Year	Animal	Vaccine formulation and immunization route	Challenge strain	Results	Ref.
1982	Owl monkey	Purified gp350 Two doses	None	Sera had neutralizing and ADCC effects	76
1984	Cottontop tamarins	Purified gp350 incorporated in liposomes + lipid A i.p. six times at a 3–9-week interval	None	Neutralizing antibodies were detected	71
1985	Cottontop tamarins	Purified gp350 incorporated in liposomes i.p. 17 times at a 2-week interval	B95-8	2/2 were free of lymphoma after 100% tumorigenesis dose challenge	58
1986	Cottontop tamarins	Purified gp350 incorporated into liposomes i.p. 6 times at a 2-week interval	B95-8	4/4 developed lymphoma after 100% tumorigenesis dose challenge	59
1988	Cottontop tamarins	Recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing gp350 (WR and Wyeth strains) i.d. 1 or 2 times at a 2-week interval	B95-8	Only the recombinant WR strain protected 3/4 of animals from lymphoma after a 100% tumorigenesis dose challenge	73
1988	Cottontop tamarins	Purified gp350 with ISCOMs s.c. three times at a 2-week interval	B95-8	4/4 were free of lymphoma after 100% tumorigenesis dose challenge	72
1989	Common marmosets	Purified gp350 with Freund’s or alum adjuvant i.m. 3 times at a 4-week interval	B95-8	Alum-adsorbed antigen-induced protection against virus challenge	57
1989	Cottontop tamarins	Purified gp350 with SAF-1 s.c. five times at a 2-week interval	B95-8	4/4 were free of lymphoma after 100% tumorigenesis dose challenge	70
1992	Cottontop tamarins	recombinant gp350 with BPV + SAF-1 adjuvant i.m. four times at a 10-day interval	B95-8	2/3 was free of lymphoma after 100% tumorigenesis dose challenge	61
1993	Cottontop tamarins	Recombinant adenovirus (serotype 5) expressing gp350 i.m. three times at 0-5-13 weeks	B95-8	4/4 were free of lymphoma after 100% tumorigenesis dose challenge	77
1994	Cottontop tamarins	recombinant gp350 with BPV + alum i.m. four times at a 4-week interval	B95-8	3/5 were free of lymphoma after 100% tumorigenesis dose challenge	60
1996	Common marmosets	Recombinant vaccinia virus expressing gp350 i.d. twice at a 5-week interval	M81	Replication of the challenge virus was decreased	69
1998	Common marmosets	recombinant gp350 with BPV + alum i.m. three times at a 4-week interval	M81	Replication of the challenge virus was decreased	55

None there is no challenge experiment, ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. ISCOMs immune stimulation complexes, SAF-1 Syntex adjuvant formulation, BPV bovine papillomavirus expression vector, i.p. intraperitoneally, i.d. intradermally, s.c. subcutaneously, i.m. intramuscularly.