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. 2022 Dec 6;40(1):43. doi: 10.1007/s12032-022-01900-y

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Fig. 2 — Increased ROS causes NF-κB transcription to be upregulated, resulting in increased tissue mass. As a result, tissues become hypoxic, triggering angiogenesis and the release of VEGF. However, excessive levels of VEGF lead to T-cell activation and tumor development [9, 13, 15]