Fig. 3. Areas for action to make the surgical pathway more sustainable.

Before patient admission, health promotion measures and the use of sustainable means of transport by patients, health-care professionals and products are important interventions. At the hospital, using renewable energy sources and optimizing electricity and cooling systems should be considered. During surgery, avoiding anaesthetic gases and promoting intravenous and local anaesthesia can have a remarkable effect. Additionally, reducing disposables and implementing recycling would reduce waste production. Telemedicine represents a good example of how technology can facilitate sustainability. Research and education are important to evaluate the impact of sustainable actions and can help to continue this process across generations. CO_2e, carbon dioxide equivalent.