Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study characteristic | Studies, n | Study, % |
|---|---|---|
| Country | 110 | 100 |
| United States | 32 | 29 |
| United Kingdom | 18 | 16 |
| Netherlands | 8 | 7 |
| Germany | 7 | 6 |
| Australia | 5 | 5 |
| Othera | 40 | 36 |
| Year | ||
| 2011–2012 | 11 | 10 |
| 2013–2014 | 20 | 18 |
| 2015–2016 | 24 | 22 |
| 2017–2018 | 23 | 21 |
| 2019–2021 | 32 | 29 |
| Study sample | ||
| Female only | 19 | 17 |
| Male only | 0 | 0 |
| Allowed men to participate* | 90 | 82 |
| Sex data not reported | 1 | 1 |
| Co-occurring physical health condition | ||
| Yes | 23 | 21 |
| No | 87 | 79 |
| Co-occurring mental health condition | ||
| Yes | 2 | 2 |
| No | 108 | 98 |
| Depression determination method | ||
| Screening tool | 29 | 26 |
| Clinical/diagnostic interview | 25 | 23 |
| Both screening tool & clinical/diagnostic interview | 56 | 51 |
| Recruitment method | ||
| Direct | 74 | 67 |
| Indirect | 14 | 13 |
| Both direct & indirect | 22 | 20 |
| Intervention type | ||
| Psychotherapy | 90 | 82 |
| Lifestyle | 3 | 3 |
| Combined | 6 | 6 |
| Not categorised b | 11 | 10 |
| Intervention style | ||
| CBT & third wave | 57 | 52 |
| All other types of psychotherapy intervention | 22 | 20 |
| Physical activity | 3 | 3 |
| Not categorised b | 28 | 26 |
| Mode of delivery | ||
| Face-to-face Group | 18 | 16 |
| Face-to-face Individual | 54 | 49 |
| Online/tech/phone calls/printed materials | 29 | 26 |
| Unclear/not reported | 3 | 3 |
| Not categorised b | 6 | 5 |
| Contact | ||
| Involved contact | 95 | 86 |
| Self-guided with minimal contact | 7 | 6 |
| Completely self-guided | 4 | 4 |
| Not categorised b | 4 | 4 |
| Sessions per week | ||
| < 1 | 23 | 30 |
| 1 | 37 | 48 |
| > 1 | 17 | 22 |
a Spain (n = 4), Finland (n = 3), Denmark (n = 3), India (n = 3), Pakistan (n = 3), Brazil (n = 3), Iran (n = 3), Japan (n = 3), South Korea (n = 2), Nigeria (n = 2), Switzerland (n = 2), Turkey (n = 1), Korea (n = 1), Canada (n = 1), Hong Kong (n = 1), Italy (n = 1), New Zealand (n = 1), Sweden (n = 1), Kenya (n = 1), Taiwan (n = 1). b Study included > 1 intervention arm that differed on this characteristic (e.g., online vs. face to face). * Refers to studies which did not restrict eligibility to males or females