Table 1.

Similar algorithms in the literature

Algorithm	Main subjects	Author(s)
Hysteretic optimization (HO)	Material–Energy–Magnetic–Glass demagnetization	Zarand et al. [43]
Electromagnetism-like mechanism (EM)	Particle–Charge–Distance–Attraction	Birbil and Fang [44]
Central Force Optimization (CFO)	Particle–Mass–Attraction	Formato [27]
Magnetic Optimization Algorithm (MOA)	Magnetic field–Particles–Distance	Tayarani and Akbarzadeh [47]
Artificial Physics Optimization (APO)	Particle–Mass–Hypothetical–Attraction–Repulsion	Xie et al. [48]
Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA)	Particle–Mass–Attraction–Variable Hypothetical Gravity	Rashedi et al. [28]
Charged System Search (CSS)	Particle–Charge–Electrostatics–Attraction–Velocity–Force	Kaveh and Talatahari [29]
Gravitational Interaction Optimization (GIO)	Particle–Mass –Constant Gravity–Interaction	Flores et al. [49]
Magnetic Charged System Search (MCSS)	Magnetic forces–Particles–Attraction–Repulsion–Absorbing	Kaveh et al. [50]
Electromagnetic field optimization (EFO)	Attraction–Repulsion–Electromagnets	Abedinpourshotorban et al. [51]