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. 2022 Dec 9;35(10):7635–7658. doi: 10.1007/s00521-022-08058-8

Table 16.

Comparisons for Tension/Compression Spring Design (Descriptive Statistics)

Algorithm Best Mean Worst Std Dev
CSS [28] 0.012638 0.012852 0.013626 8.3564e−5
RO [68] 0.012679 0.013547 NA 0.001159
MCSS [50] 0.012607 0.012712 0.012982 4.7831e−5
MOPM [74] 0.012665 0.012665 0.012665 1.87E-08
ISA [75] 0.012665 0.013165 0.012799 1.59E-02
GWO [76] 0.012666 NA NA NA
TEO [79] 0.012665 0.012685 0.012715 4.41E-06
SOA [80] 0.012645 0.012666 0.012666 0.001108
PA [81] 0.012665 NA NA NA
MPA [84] 0.012665 0.012665 0.012665 5.55E-08
EO [85] 0.012666 0.013017 0.013997 3.91E-04
SRO [86] 0.012665 0.012665 0.012668 1.26E-07
CGO [89] 0.012665 0.012670 0.012719 1.09E-05
TLMPA [91] 0.012665 NA NA NA
SBO [92] 0.012665 0.012687 0.012723 1.77E-05
HS-WOA + [95] 0.012666 0.012745 0.012827 0.000105
HS-WOA [95] 0.012764 0.012816 0.012918 0.000121
AOS [96] 0.012665 0.012738 0.013597 0.000121
MGA [99] 0.012665 0.012666 0.012667 5.65E-07
RSO [100] 0.012656 0.012666 0.012668 0.057894
CPA [101] 0.012665 NA NA NA
SCSO [102] 0.012717 NA NA NA
AHO [103] 0.0127 0.0129 0.0151 2.17E-04
Proposed Algorithm (PbA) 0.012665 0.013404 0.01705 0.0013