Table 2.

Parameter Settings

The number of trials	30
The importance scores (c1, c2, c3) (MUPE)	(0.25, 0.2, 1.8)
The number of the particles (population size) (n)	20
The incremental parameter ($\mathrm{\Psi }$)	1.02
The stopping parameter (β)	0.5*
The neighborhood size (κ)	2
The precision number (ρ)	6
Maximum number of Function Evaluations (Max FES)	30,000**

*1.5

**100,000 for Welded Beam