Table 2.
Time trends in mental health knowledge (MAKS) in England, ages 16 +
| 2009 N = 1743 |
2017–19 N = 3417 |
Annual absolute change | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate | Adjusted* | ||||||||
| Mean | 95%CI | Mean | 95%CI | B | 95%CI | B | 95%CI | ||
| Average | 22.2 | 22.1, 22.4 | 23.0 | 22.9, 23.1 | 0.11 | 0.09, 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.09, 0.12 | |
| 1 | North East | 22.9 | 22.2, 23.6 | 23.0 | 22.3, 23.5 | 0.05 | − 0.03, 0.12 | 0.06 | − 0.02, 0.13 |
| 2 | North West | 22.1 | 21.7, 22.5 | 23.1 | 22.8, 23.4 | 0.15 | 0.10, 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.11, 0.19 |
| 3 | Yorkshire and the Humberlands | 22.4 | 21.9, 23.0 | 23.5 | 23.1, 23.9 | 0.12 | 0.07, 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.06, 0.17 |
| 4 | East Midlands | 22.3 | 21.8, 22.9 | 23.1 | 22.7, 23.4 | 0.08 | 0.02, 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.02, 0.13 |
| 5 | West Midlands | 22.3 | 21.8, 22.8 | 22.7 | 22.4, 23.0 | 0.07 | 0.02, 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.01, 0.10 |
| 6 | East of England | 22.8 | 22.3, 23.2 | 23.3 | 23.0, 23.6 | 0.10 | 0.05, 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.06, 0.15 |
| 7 | London | 21.7 | 21.4, 22.0 | 22.3 | 22.0, 22.6 | 0.10 | 0.06, 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.03, 0.11 |
| 8 | South East | 22.0 | 21.6, 22.3 | 23.2 | 22.9, 23.4 | 0.14 | 0.10, 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.11, 0.18 |
| 9 | South West | 22.5 | 22.0, 23.0 | 23.3 | 22.9, 23.7 | 0.13 | 0.08, 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.08, 0.19 |
| Difference (p) | 0.007 | < 0.001 | 0.106 | ||||||
| Difference, adjusted* (p) | 0.025 | < 0.001 | 0.007 | ||||||
Attitudes towards Mental Illness (AMI) survey, 2009–19 (n = 17,287). The 6-item MAKS score can vary from 6 to 30; the observed range was 10–30. A higher score indicates more knowledge. As a reference point, the weighted mean was 22.6 and weighted standard deviation was 3.2 in the full complete-case sample. P values represent Wald-type tests for the joint significance of (1) region dummy terms and (2) region-by-year interaction dummy terms based on linear probability models. Adjusted models include age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, and social class of the person responsible for the household