Hallmark analysis demonstrated the alteration of multiple pathways in SK₋UT₋1 cells in response to DL-sulforaphane treatment (Significantly enriched gene sets (DL-sulforaphane vs. control) from GSEA using Hallmark biological processes in MSigDB. (A) Functional pathways analysis identified significantly altered pathways in SK₋UT₋1 cells treated with DL-sulforaphane t. Significantly enriched gene sets (DL-sulforaphane vs. control) from GSEA using Hallmark biological processes in MSigDB. Gene count and significance levels are shown by the size and color of each circle, respectively. Pathways analysis revealed that several gene sets associated with UV response (B), TNFa via NFkB (C), Interferon-alpha (D), Interferon-gamma (E), and MTORC1 (F) were altered. RES: Running Enrichment Score; RLM: Ranked list metric.