Table 1.

Types and food sources of dietary polyphenols with anti-obesity effects.

Polyphenols	Subtype	Major Food Sources	References
Quercetin	Flavonols	apple, berries, grape, red onions, broccoli, black tea, green tea, pepper, red wine, and tomato	[18]
Kaempferol	Flavonols	spinach, kale, dill, chives, and green leafy vegetables	[19]
Myricetin	Flavonols	apple, peach, orange, pineapple, and sweet potato	[20]
Isorhamnetin	Flavonols	dill weed, sea buckthorn berries, and kale onions	[21]
Fisetin	Flavonols	strawberries, apple, persimmons, grape, onions, and cucumbers	[22]
Luteolin	Flavones	parsley, shiso, celery, pepper, broccoli, and thyme	[23]
Apigenin	Flavones	thyme, cherries, tea, olives, broccoli, legumes, the leafy herb parsley, and dried flowers of chamomile	[24]
Acacetin	Flavones	propolis, chrysanthemum, and galangal	[25]
Naringenin	Flavanones	tomatoes, cocoa, cherries, citrus paradise, citrus sinensis, bergamot, and citrus fruit	[26]
Hesperetin	Flavanones	tangerines, oranges, lemons, and citrus fruit	[27]
Eriodictyol	Flavanones	lemons, peanut, vegetables, and fruits	[28]
Catechin	Flavanols	tea, broad beans, red wine, grape, strawberries, and apricots	[29]
Epicatechin	Flavanols	tea, rosa roxburghii tratt, cocoa, dark chocolate, berries, and apple	[30]
Epigallocatechin-3 -gallate	Flavanols	tea leaves, cocoa products, pome fruits, prune juice, and broad bean pod	[31]
Proanthocyanidins	Flavanols	barley, hops, tea, maize, apple, grape, strawberries, cocoa, almonds, cinnamon, peanuts, and vegetables	[32]
Cyanidins	Anthocyanins	beans, fruits, vegetables, and red wines	[33]
Delphinidins	Anthocyanins	pigmented fruits and vegetables	[34]
Malvidins	Anthocyanins	wine, grape, pomegranate, and pigmented fruits	[35]
Genistein	Isoflavones	soybean and leguminous plants	[36]
Daidzein	Isoflavones	soy and soy-derived products	[37]
Formononetin	Isoflavones	soybean, astragalus mongholicus, and licorice	[38]
Gallic acid	Derivatives of benzoic acid	chestnuts, tea, wine, grapes, berries, and other fruits	[39]
Vanillic acid	Derivatives of benzoic acid	angelica sinensis and green tea	[40]
Protocatechuic acid	Derivatives of benzoic acid	mushrooms, olives, apple, red wine, and grape	[41]
Ferulic acid	Derivatives of cinnamic acid	eggplants, tomatoes, spinach, beer, peanuts, and grains	[42]
p-Coumaric acid	Derivatives of cinnamic acid	apples, pears, strawberries, other berries, peanuts, rye bran, and red wine	[43]
Caffeic acid	Derivatives of cinnamic acid	apples, pears, berries, blueberry, plum, eggplant, carrot, and coffee	[44]
Chlorogenic acid	Derivatives of cinnamic acid	coffee beans, tea, peaches prunes, eggplants, and vegetables	[45]
Sinapic acid	Derivatives of cinnamic acid	vegetables and whole grains	[46]
Resveratrol	Stilbenes	grapes, berries, peanuts, pistachios, and chocolate	[47]
Pterostilbene	Stilbenes	blueberries, grape, and medicago sativa linn	[48]
Piceatannol	Stilbenes	grape, sugarcane, passion fruit, and blueberry	[49]