Table 3.
Glycobiosensors for the detection of pathogens and cancer biomarkers reported in the last ten years.
| Glycobiosensor Purpose | Sensing Platform Bioreceptor/Detection Technique | Target | Limit of Detection (LOD) | Linear Range | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogens | SAM (MUA/MCH) Glycan-NH2/EIS |
HAs | 8 aM | 8 aM–80 nM | [112] |
| SAM (OEG/OEG-COOH) Glycan-NH2/EIS |
H3N2 | 13 viral particles µL−1 | 10–1003 viral particles µL−1 | [113] | |
| SAM (Peptide) Peptide/EIS |
SARS-CoV-2 | 18 ng mL−1 | 0.05–1 µg mL−1 | [39] | |
| SAM (PEG-SH/11Fc) Antibody/ECS |
NS1 | 340 pg mL−1 | 1–5000 ng mL−1 | [125] | |
| Microwires/SAM Envelope Protein E/capacitance |
Antibodies anti-ZIKV E | 10 antibodies in 30 µL | 10–103 antibodies in 30 µL | [157] | |
| SAM (MUA/MCH) Mannose/EIS |
S. typhimurium | 50 CFU mL−1 | 50–103 CFU mL−1 | [129] | |
| PTPh-quinone Mannose/SWV |
E. coli | 25 cells mL−1 | 2 × 103–5 × 104 cells mL−1 | [128] | |
| SAM (OEG/FcBA) Mannose/SWV |
6 × 102 cells mL−1 | 6 × 102–6 × 105 cells mL−1 | [115] | ||
| Cancer | PATP/AuNPs Antibody/DPV |
CEA | 0.015 fg mL−1 | 1 fg mL−1–10 ng mL−1 | [98] |
| AuNPs/Cys Lectin/chronoamperometry |
0.01 ng mL−1 | 0.5–7 ng mL−1 | [130] | ||
| PA/Au-Pt Antibody/SWV |
CA-19-9 | 2 × 10−4 U mL−1 | 0.001–40 U mL−1 | [131] | |
| PEI/CNTs Antibody/EIS |
0.35 U mL−1 | 0.05–60 U mL−1 | [132] | ||
| SAM (MHDA) Lectin/EIS |
STn | 20 ng | 20–70 ng | [134] | |
| GSPE/HSA Tn antigen/DPV |
Antibody anti-Tn | 10 aM | 10 aM–10 pM | [135] | |
| PAMAM/c-MWCNTs/PDITC Lectin/DPV |
α2,3-sialylated glycans | 3 fg mL−1 | 10 fg mL−1–50 ng mL−1 | [137] | |
| n-C60-PdPt/4-MBPA/Au-PMB Lectin/DPV |
3 fg mL−1 | 10 fg mL−1–100 ng mL−1 | [139] | ||
| GO-PrB-PTC-NH2/AuNPs Lectin/DPV |
α2,6-sialylated glycans | 0.03 pg mL−1 | 0.1 pg mL−1–500 ng mL−1 | [141] | |
| rGO-TEPA-BMIMPF6/AuPtNPs Lectin/amperometry |
3 fg mL−1 | 10 fg mL−1–1 µg mL−1 | [142] | ||
| AuNRs-SA/c-SWCNHs/S-PtNC Lectin/amperometry |
0.69 fg mL−1 | 1 fg mL−1–100 ng mL−1 | [143] | ||
| Ag/Fe-MOFs/M-APBA Lectin/DPV |
0.09 fg mL−1 | 1 fg mL−1–1 ng mL−1 | [144] | ||
| g-C3N4/GlcNAc-BSA Lectin/ECL |
β-1,4-GalT | 7 × 10−5 U mL−1 | 5 × 10−4–0.05 U mL−1 | [146] | |
| GlcNAc-BSA Lectin/ECL |
9 × 10−4 U mL−1 | 0.001–0.1 U mL−1 | [147] | ||
| SAM (SH-(CH2)11-NH2)/AuNPs) Lectin/EIS |
Fetuin | 1 aM | 1 aM–10 pM | [152] | |
| SAM (MUA/betaine) Lectin/EIS |
100 fM | 100 fM–100 nM | [153] | ||
| SAM (MUA/MCH) Antibody/EIS |
PSA | 4 aM | 3.4 aM–380 pM | [154] | |
| SAM (MUA/MCH/carbo-free) Antibody/EIS |
100 ag mL−1 | 100 ag mL−1–1 µg mL−1 | [155] | ||
| Zwitterionic hydrogel Antibody/EIS |
HER2 | 5 pg mL−1 | 100 pg mL−1–10 ng mL−1 | [156] | |
| GO/PrB Antibody/ECS |
IL-6 | 5.6 ng mL−1 | 0.2 ng mL−1–20 µg mL−1 | [158] |