. 2022 Nov 24;11(23):3214. doi: 10.3390/plants11233214

Table 3.

Effect of BA and VA rates on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.

Fluorescence Parameters	Fo	Fv	Fm	Fv/Fm	Fv/Fo
CK	3490 ± 45 ^a	13,253 ± 132 ^c	16,766 ± 416 ^b	0.791 ± 0.013 ^b	3.80 ± 0.03 ^d
BA₃	3300 ± 86 ^bc	15,061 ± 316 ^b	18,390 ± 358 ^a	0.819 ± 0.008 ^a	4.56 ± 0.09 ^b
VA₃	3278 ± 55 ^c	15,523 ± 203 ^a	18,816 ± 268 ^a	0.825 ± 0.002 ^a	4.74 ± 0.04 ^a
BA₅	3266 ± 42 ^c	15,095 ± 214 ^b	18,365 ± 301 ^a	0.822 ± 0.002 ^a	4.62 ± 0.03 ^b
VA₅	3380 ± 63 ^b	15,080 ± 185 ^b	18,496 ± 240 ^a	0.815 ± 0.001 ^a	4.46 ± 0.03 ^c

Note: BA for Biochar application and VA for Vermicompost application. ± indicates standard deviation. Means are not significantly different between different BA and VA rates when followed by the same lowercase letter; means are significantly different between BA and VA rates (p ≤ 0.05) when followed by different lowercase letters. The same below.