| As
|
Tensile steel area |
| AF
|
Tensile FRP area |
| b |
Width of RC slab |
| c |
Distance from extreme compression fiber to the neutral axis |
| CE
|
Environmental reduction factor |
| Cm, Cv
|
Moment and shear coefficients |
| d |
Distance from the extreme fiber of the compression zone to the center of the steel |
| df
|
Distance from the extreme fiber of the compression zone to FRP |
| Ec
|
Elastic modulus of concrete |
| EF
|
Elastic modulus of CFRP |
| Es
|
Elastic modulus of steel |
| f’c
|
Compressive strength of concrete |
| f’H
|
Compressive strength of the concrete overlay |
| ffe
|
Effective stress in FRP |
| ffu
|
Design ultimate strength of FRP |
|
|
Ultimate tensile strength of FRP material, reported by the manufacture |
| fs
|
Stress in tension steel |
| fy
|
Yield stress of steel |
| h |
Height of RC slab |
| Icr
|
Cracked moment of a section |
| k |
The ratio of the depth of the neutral axis to reinforcement depth measured from extreme compression fiber |
|
l
en
|
Clear span length of the end span |
|
l
in
|
Clear span length of the interior span |
| n |
Number of CFRP layer |
| Mn
|
Moment carrying capacity |
| Mn,Ne, Mn,Pe
|
Moment carrying capacities of the support and mid-span sections on the end-span |
| Mn,Ni, Mn,Pi
|
Moment carrying capacities of the support and mid-span sections on the interior span |
| Mns
|
Flexural strength contributed by tensile steel |
| Mnf
|
Flexural strength contributed by CFRP |
|
| MD,N2e
|
The moment carrying of the N-2e section |
| Mu
|
The factored moment at a section |
| tF
|
The thickness of CFRP laminate |
| tH
|
The thickness of the concrete overlay |
| Vn
|
The shear carrying capacity |
| Vu
|
Factored shear at a section |
| wf
|
The ultimate failure load |
| wu
|
The design factored load |
| wuM, wuV
|
Design factored load governed by moment and shear carrying capacities |
|
ϕf, ϕv
|
Strength reduction factors for the flexural and shear strength |
|
ψ
f
|
Strength reduction factors of FRP |
| α1, β1
|
Stress block factors |
| γc
|
Unit weight of concrete |
| εbi
|
The existing state strain of FRP installation |
| εcu
|
The ultimate strain of concrete |
| εfd
|
Debonding strain of FRP |
| εfe
|
Strain of FRP |
| εfu
|
The ultimate strain of FRP |
| εs
|
The strain of tensile steel |