Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of 84 patients.
| Total (n = 84) |
C. burnetii and Bartonella (n = 23, 27.4%) |
Staphylococcus aureus (n = 31, 36.9%) |
Streptococcus (n = 30, 35.7%) |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex, n (%) | 67 (80) | 23 (100) | 22 (71) # | 22 (73) # | 0.018 |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 55 (26) | 56 (16) | 52 (28) * | 55 (31) | 0.029 & |
| Fever, n (%) | 45 (54) | 4 (17) | 22 (71) # | 19 (63) # | <0.001 |
| LOS in hospital, d, median (IQR) | 37 (27) | 26 (28) | 45 (20) * | 30 (32) | 0.003 |
| Cost, RMB, thousand, n (IQR) | 195 (115) | 199 (91) | 224 (184) | 176 (86) | 0.053 |
| Classification of NYAH, n (%) | 0.113 | ||||
| I-II | 19 (23) | 3 (13) | 7 (23) | 9 (30) | |
| III | 39 (46) | 14 (61) | 10 (32) | 15 (30) | |
| IV | 26 (31) | 6 (26) | 14 (45) | 6 (20) | |
| Native valve IE, n (%) | 78 (93) | 20 (87) | 28 (90) | 30 (100) | 0.143 |
| Prosthetic valve IE, n (%) | 6 (7) | 3 (13) | 3 (10) | 0 | |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 24 (29) | 10 (44) | 6 (19) | 8 (27) | 0.146 |
| Acute heart failure, n (%) | 42 (50) | 9 (39) | 21 (68) | 12 (40) | 0.045 |
| Arrythmia, n (%) | 18 (21) | 6 (26) | 6 (19) | 6 (20) | 0.814 |
| Renal impairment+ | 0.012 | ||||
| Moderate, n (%) | 26 (31) | 11 (48) | 3 (10) | 12 (40) | |
| Severe, n (%) | 29 (35) | 7 (30) | 15 (48) | 7 (23) | |
| Neurological complication, n (%) | 29 (35) | 5 (22) | 13 (42) | 11 (37) | 0.290 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage, n (%) | 12 (14) | 1 (4.3) | 7 (23) | 1 (13) | 0.156 |
| Embolism, n (%) | 29 (35) | 5 (22) | 13 (42) | 12 (40) | 0.257 |
| Cardiac surgery | |||||
| CPB, min, median (IQR) | 160 (89) | 170 (76) | 163 (134) | 155 (61) | 0.049 & |
| ACC, min, median (IQR) | 108 (58) | 126 (48) | 106 (74) | 99 (43) * | 0.023 |
| IABP, n (%) | 6 (7) | 3 (13) | 2 (6.5) | 1 (3.3) | 0.494 |
| ECMO, n (%) | 1 (1.2) | 0 | 1 (3.2) | 0 | 1 |
| Short-term mortality, n (%) | 6 (7.1) | 2 (8.7) | 1 (3.2) | 3 (10) | 0.573 |
| Follow-up, months, median (IQR) | 23 (15) | 21 (14) | 23 (12) | 20 (19) | 0.353 |
| Follow-up survival, n (%) | 78 (100) | 21 (100) | 30 (100) | 27 (100) | |
| IE relapse, n (%) | 2 (2) | 1 (4) | 1 (3) | 0 | 0.733 |
Continuous data are presented as the median (IQR), and categorical data are presented as n (%). LOS Length of stay, NYHA New York Heart Association, IE infective endocarditis, CPB cardiac pulmonary bypass, ACC Aorta cross-clamp, IABP intra-aortic balloon pump, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. +Renal impairment: there are now 3 categories based on levels of creatinine clearance calculated using the Cockcroft–Gault formula. The 3 categories were as follows: on dialysis (regardless of serum creatinine level); moderately impaired renal function (50–85 mL/min); severely impaired renal function (<50 mL/min); and off dialysis. * Compared with the C. burnetii and Bartonella endocarditis groups by Dunnett’s test, p < 0.05. # Compared with the C. burnetii and Bartonella endocarditis groups by the chi-square test, p < 0.017. & Welch test Additional demographic and clinical characteristics of these 23 cases are described in detail in Supplementary Materials S1.