Viral load and mutation composition in the S protein of major SARS-CoV-2 genetic lineages. (A) PCR threshold cycle in nasopharyngeal swab compositions in primary patients during Wuhan-, Delta-, and Omicron-dominant periods. The differences between Delta and Wuhan (p < 0.0001) and Delta and Omicron (p < 0.0001) were statistically significant. (B) Composition of mutations within the RBD of the main genetic variants during Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, Omicron-dominant periods and endemic variants SARS-CoV-2 in Moscow. The presence of amino acid substitutions are given relative to the Wuhan reference strain.