Table 3.
Risk of bias assessment of included studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.
| Cohort Studies | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berends et al. [76], 2016 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| Eisler t al [40], 2007 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
| Herpertz-Dahlmann et al. [77], 2001 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| Le Grange et al. [72], 2014 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| Martin et al. [67], 1985 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| Nilsson et al. [23], 2011 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
| Russell et al. [71], 1985 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| Russell et al. [31], 1987 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| Schulze et al. [73], 2010 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| Silèn et al. [74], 2021 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| Södersten et al. [69], 2018 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Steinhausen et al. [70], 2008 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| Strober et al. [75], 1997 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| Yao et al. [68], 2016 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
| Case–Control Studies | Selection | Comparability | Exposure | Total |
| Gillberg et al. [65], 1994 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| Wentz et al. [66], 2001 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 |