. 2022 Dec 6;11(23):3395. doi: 10.3390/plants11233395

Table 3.

Mechanisms of Action of Herbal Medicines.

Indicator		Cisplatin	Herbal Medicines		Location
Neurotransmitters	5-HT/5-HT₃R	↑	[6]-gingerol [35,43,46]	↓	Area postrema, Medulla oblongata, Ileum
	DA	↑	BM [47]	↓	Area postrema, Brain stem, Small Intestine
	NA	NS	BM [47]	NS	Area postrema, Brain stem, Small Intestine
Neuropeptide	Substance P	↑	[6]-gingerol [43,46]	↓	Area Postrema, Ileum
Neuropeptide	NK₁ Receptor	↑	XBXT [45]	↓	Ileum, Area Postrema
Enzymes	TPH-1, -2	↑	[6]-gingerol [35,43,44]	↓	Medulla Oblongata, Ileum
	MAO-A	↓	[6]-gingerol [35,43,44]	↑	Medulla Oblongata, Ileum
	Caspase-1	↑	FAE [42]	↓	Antrum, Ileum
Cytokine	IL -1R1, -1β, 6, -18, -34,	↑	XBXT [34]	↓	Serum
	NLRP3		XBXT [34]		Antrum, Ileum
	NLRP3		FAE [42]		Antrum, Ileum
Hematological Parameters	Hemoglobin	↑	GR [40]	NS	Serum
	Lymphocytes			↓
	Monocytes			NS
	Neutrophils			↓
	RBC			NS
	WBC			↓
Histological Deformity	-	↑	XBXT [34,44]	↓	Antrum, Ileum
	-		GR [40,41]		Stomach, Small Intestine
	-		FAE [42]		Antrum, Ileum
Oxidative Stress	ROS	↑	XBXT [34]	↓	Serum, Antrum, Ileum
Oxidative Stress	ROS	↑	FAE [42]	↓	Serum, Antrum, Ileum

Abbreviations: ↑, Increase; ↓, Decrease; 5-HT, Serotonin; 5-HT₃R, 5-HT₃ Receptor, BM, Bacopa monnieri; DA, Dopamine; FAE, Forsythiae Fructus; GR, Ginseng Radix; IL, Interleukin; MAO-A, Monoamine oxidase A; NA, Noradrenaline; NK Cell, Natural Killer Cell; NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; NS, Non-Significant; XBXT, Xian-Bao-Xia-Tang; ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species; TPH, Tryptophan Hydroxylase; WBC, White Blood Cell.