Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study groups.
| Control Group (n = 20) | OSA Group (n = 20) | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demogra-phic data | Sex [M(%)/F(%)] | 11(55%)/9(45%) | 17(85%)/3(15%) | 0.019 |
| Age [years] | 46.00 ± 13.30 | 61.00 ± 11.04 | 0.009 | |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 26.00 (24.08–29.39) | 37.49 (32.94–40.74) | <0.001 | |
| Polysomnography | Total Sleep Time (TST) [h] | 5.97 ± 0.98 | 5.75 ± 1.24 | 0.531 |
| Arousal index [events/h] | 9.80 (6.20–16.63) | 29.25 (21.5–38.20) | <0.001 | |
| AHI [events/h] | 1.45 (1.08–2.50) | 58.00 (48.40–76.13) | <0.001 | |
| Total number of desaturations | 8.00 ± 5.94 | 325.5 ± 210.15 | <0.001 | |
| Desaturation Index | 1.5 ± 0.97 | 63.2 ± 24.72 | <0.001 | |
| Basal SpO2 level | 94.20 (93.00–95.10) | 90.90 (83.00–92.83) | <0.001 | |
| Mean SpO2 of desaturations during sleep | 91.00 (90.05–92.68) | 85.85 (79.50–88.23) | <0.001 | |
| Protein Concentration | BDNF evening [ng/mL] | 14.12 (6.82–23.27) | 9.79 (6.08–24.56) | 0.417 |
| BDNF morning [ng/mL] | 15.79 ± 8.22 | 16.21 ± 9.07 | 0.858 | |
| proBDNF evening [ng/mL] | 7.75 (3.49–10.11) | 4.74 (2.54–11.21) | 0.579 | |
| proBDNF morning [ng/mL] | 7.12 ± 4.32 | 7.24 ± 4.26 | 0.930 | |
| HIF-1α evening [pg/mL] | 646.21 (317.83–1031.25) | 551.13 (286.17–1103.04) | 0.656 | |
| HIF-1α morning [pg/mL] | 706.16 (460.33–1226.25) | 660.00 (390.33–1212.51) | 0.449 | |
Abbreviations: BDNF—brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BMI—body mass index, F—female, HIF-1—hypoxia-inducible factor 1, M—male, OSA—obstructive sleep apnea, SpO2—oxygen saturation.