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. 2022 Dec 10;12(12):e1093. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.1093

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© 2022 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Therapeutic impact of SVF cellular application for neurodegenerative diseases. The SVF imparts its therapeutic impact in the local and distal environments. Local: (A) neuroprotection and regeneration via SVF release of growth and soluble factors. (B) SVF induces polarization of macrophages and T cells to immunoregulatory cells. Systemic: (C) SVF releases anti‐inflammatory factors in the sera which travels systemically and (D) into the spleen and lymph to mediate immune‐regulation and reconstitution. SVF: stromal vascular fraction; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factors; BDNF: brain‐derived neurotrophic factor; T‐reg: T‐regulatory cells; Th1: T‐helper 1; M1/M2: macrophage‐1/2; G‐CSF: granulocyte colony stimulating factor; TNF: tumour‐necrosis factor; TGF: transforming growth factor; IFN: interferon.