Table 3.
Univariate analysis of risk factors for OS, PFS, and LC.
| Variable | 3-Year OS | p-Value | 3-Year PFS | p-Value | 3-Year LC | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gender | ||||||
| female | 85.5% | 68.7% | 80.1% | |||
| male | 80.8% | 0.233 | 66.4% | 0.549 | 79.0% | 0.939 |
| age ≥ 4 years | ||||||
| yes | 85.7% | 75.1% | 84.2% | |||
| no | 77.4% | 0.067 | 53.8% | 0.001 | 70.8% | 0.009 |
| metastatic disease | ||||||
| yes | 70.6% | 57.7% | 74.1% | |||
| no | 84.7% | 0.005 | 68.9% | 0.055 | 80.3% | 0.392 |
| time point of PBT | ||||||
| primary diagnosis | 85.6% | 68.8% | 72.2% | |||
| recurrence/progression | 76.2% | 0.238 | 65.6% | 0.530 | 82.2% | 0.081 |
| status of resection | ||||||
| GTR/NTR | 87.8% | 68.5% | 81.3% | |||
| STR/biopsy only | 79.5% | 0.126 | 66.9% | 0.610 | 78.4% | 0.432 |
| PBT dose | ||||||
| ≥59 Gy (RBE) | 76.6% | 57.3% | 67.4% | |||
| <59 Gy (RBE) | 82.8% | 0.344 | 70.1% | 0.070 | 83.2% | 0.002 |
| CSI | ||||||
| yes | 79.7% | 73.4% | 85.6% | |||
| no | 83.8% | 0.186 | 65.6% | 0.599 | 77.8% | 0.335 |
| anesthesia | ||||||
| yes | 76.9% | 57.6% | 72.6% | |||
| no | 91.7% | 0.001 | 82.5% | <0.001 | 89.7% | <0.001 |
| concomitant CTX | ||||||
| yes | 80.3% | 76.8% | 88.4% | |||
| no | 83.5% | 0.750 | 63.9% | 0.148 | 76.3% | 0.115 |
Abbreviations: OS = overall survival; PFS = progression-free survival; LC = local control; PBT = proton beam therapy; RBE = relative biological effectiveness; GTR = gross total resection; NTR = near total resection; STR = subtotal resection; CTX = chemotherapy; CSI = craniospinal irradiation.