Table 2.

Human studies on stem cells in burn wound healing.

Study	Study Type	Patients & Methods	Outcomes
Kitala [55]	Case report	A 40-year-old patient with deep thermal burns (IIb°/III°-36%TBSA, III°/IV°-1%TBSA). Amnio-derived stem cells were isolated by mechanical homogenization from the placenta and cultured. After bed wound debridement, the wound was covered with stem cells in a saline solution and covered with a dermal matrix substitute.	No adverse events were reported. The wound healed within 12 days. Pain reduction was observed.
Rasulov [56]	Case report	Allogeneic stem cells were collected from two healthy volunteers from the iliac plate. The cells were applied to the surface of the wounds and, after several days, the skin was re-transplanted, this time achieving complete wound closure. A female patient with extensive skin burn (I-II-IIIAB skin burn, total area 40%, area of IIIB degree 30%) was treated.	Rapid healing of the donor site and accelerated healing of deep burns.
Mansilla [57]	Clinical study	Examination of the concentration of stem cells (Flow cytometric analysis, using a large monoclonal antibody panel: CD44, CD45, CD14, DR, CD34, CD19, CD13, CD29, CD105, CD1a, CD90, CD38, CD25. MSC phenotype was considered positive for CD44, CD13, CD29, CD90, and CD105, and negative for the other monoclonals) in the peripheral blood of burned (3 days after injury) and healthy volunteers.	Positive correlation between the number of cells and the extent of the burn. Younger patients had a higher number of stem cells than older patients.
Lattaillade [58]	Case report	A case of severe buttock radiation burns (2000 Gy at the center of the skin surface lesion) in a 27-year-old Chilean. After primary and secondary excisions, bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were applied.	Successful treatment of a radiation burn using autogenous myeloid stem cells and a collagen matrix
Jeschke [59]	Case report	A case of a patient with full-thickness burns covering 70% of the body surface, in whom allogeneic myeloid stem cells were used. After debridement of the burn wound, stem cells and fibrin glue were applied to the surface of the burn wound and covered with allografts. About half of the grafts were healed. In the next procedure, the edges of the wound were injected with a commercial suspension of allogeneic myeloid stem cells and the allografts were broken down, with about 90% of the wounds closed as a result.	Stem cells accelerate wound healing.