Table 5.

Recommendations on treatment of hospitalized cancer patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 (WHO score 4–9).

Population	Intention	Intervention	SoR	QoE	Reference
Cancer patients with COVID-19 – hospitalized, moderate to severe [4–6]	To shorten time to recovery	Remdesivir	B	IIt	[64,85,87,88,90]
Cancer patients with COVID-19 – hospitalized, severe [7–9]	To reduce mortality	Remdesivir	D	IIt	[64,85,87,88,90]
Cancer patients with COVID-19 – hospitalized, moderate to severe [4–6], seronegative	To reduce mortality	Anti-S monoclonal antibodiesa	B	IIt	[92,148]
Cancer patients with COVID-19 – hospitalized, moderate to severe [4–6], seropositive	To reduce mortality	Anti-S monoclonal antibodiesa	D	IIt	[92,148]
Cancer patients with COVID-19 – hospitalized, moderate [4–5], seronegative	To reduce mortality	High-titer convalescent plasma	C	III	[[93], [94], [95]]
Cancer patients with COVID-19 – hospitalized, moderate [4–5], seropositive	To reduce mortality	High-titer convalescent plasma	D	IIt	[[93], [94], [95]]
Cancer patients with COVID-19 – hospitalized, severe [6–9]	To reduce mortality	High-titer convalescent plasma	D	IIt	[94,96]
Cancer patients with COVID-19 – hospitalized, moderate [4]	To reduce mortality	Dexamethasone, anti-IL-6 or anti-IL-1 monoclonal antibodies, JAK inhibitors	D	IIt	[[97], [98], [99]]
Cancer patients with COVID-19 – hospitalized, moderate to severe [5–9]	To reduce mortality	Dexamethasone	A	IIt	[97]
Cancer patients with COVID-19 – hospitalized, moderate to severe [5–6] and systemic inflammation	To reduce mortality	Anti-IL6 monoclonal antibodies	B	IIt	[100,101]
Cancer patients with COVID-19 – hospitalized, severe [7–9] and systemic inflammation	To reduce mortality	Anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies	C	IIt	[[100], [101], [102]]
Cancer patients with COVID-19 – hospitalized, moderate to severe [5–6] and systemic inflammation	To reduce mortality	Anti-IL-1 monoclonal antibodies	C	IIt	[103,104]
Cancer patients with COVID-19 – hospitalized, severe [7–9] and systemic inflammation	To reduce mortality	Anti-IL-1 monoclonal antibodies	D	IIta	[102]
Cancer patients with COVID-19 – hospitalized, moderate to severe [5–6] and systemic inflammation	To reduce mortality	JAK inhibitors	C	IIt	[98,99,106]

COVID-19, coronavirus 2019; JAK, Janus kinase; IL, interleukin; QoE, quality of evidence; SoR, strength of recommendation; WHO, World Health Organisation.

^aIf available against the locally predominant SARS-CoV-2 variant.