Table 4.
Daily micronutrient intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio assessed by EPIC-Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) in healthy pregnant women.
| Nutrient | RDA * | FFQ | FFQ vs. RDA |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A (μg/day) | 770 | 880 ± 817 | ↔ |
| Vitamin D (μg/day) | 15 | 2.72 ± 1.29 | ↓ |
| Vitamin E (mg/day) | 15 | 12.1 ± 5.2 | ↓ |
| Folate (μg/day) | 600 | 257 ± 77 | ↓ |
| Niacin (mg/day) | 18 | 23.0 ± 6.6 | ↔ |
| Riboflavin (mg/day) | 1.10 | 1.85 ± 0.62 | ↔ |
| Thiamin (mg/day) | 1.4 | 1.55 ± 0.47 | ↔ |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/day) | 1.9 | 2.11 ± 0.63 | ↔ |
| Vitamin B12 (μg/day) | 2.6 | 6.49 ± 3.74 | ↑ |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 85 | 136 ± 76 | ↑ |
| Sodium (mg/day) | <2000 | 3012 ±1015 | ↑ |
| Potassium (mg/day) | >3510 | 3399 ± 938 | ↔ |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 1000 | 945 ± 308 | ↔ |
| Iron (mg/day) | 27 | 9.686 ± 3.17 | ↓ |
| Phosphorus (mg/day) | 700 | 1387 ± 392 | ↑ |
| Selenium (μg/day) | 60 | 102 ± 43 | ↑ |
| Zinc (mg/day) | 11 | 9.01 ± 2.72 | ↓ |
| Sodium-to-potassium ratio (molar ratio) | 1.51 ± 0.45 | ||
| Estimated daily salt (NaCl) intake (g/day) | 7.53 ± 2.54 | ||