Table 2.
Initiation rates and initiation rate ratios for female and male patients
| Persons | Individuals initiating GLD |
Person Years (PY) | Initiation rate (per 1000 PY) |
Crude initiation rate ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted 1 initiation rate ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted 2 initiation rate ratio (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular disease | |||||||
| Male | 41,333 | 4261 | 113,195 | 37.64 (36.53–38.79) | – | – | – |
| Female | 25,949 | 2015 | 70,061 | 28.76 (27.53–30.04) | 0.76 (0.72–0.81) | 0.86 (0.82–0.91) | 0.92 (0.87–0.97) |
| Ischemic heart disease | |||||||
| Male | 21,416 | 2558 | 62,405 | 40.99 (9.43–42.61) | – | - | - |
| Female | 11,530 | 1092 | 34,429 | 31.72 (29.89–33.66) | 0.77 (0.72–0.83) | 0.85 (0.79–0.91) | 0.91 (0.85–0.98) |
| Heart failure | |||||||
| Male | 6137 | 592 | 14,441 | 41.00 (37.82–44.43) | – | – | |
| Female | 4305 | 258 | 9772 | 26.40 (23.37–29.83) | 0.64 (0.56–0.75) | 0.81 (0.70–0.94) | 0.85 (0.73–1.00)a |
| Peripheral arterial disease | |||||||
| Male | 4813 | 421 | 12,827 | 32.82 (29.83–36.11) | – | – | |
| Female | 3247 | 218 | 8663 | 25.16 (22.04–28.73) | 0.77 (0.65–0.90) | 0.88 (0.75–1.04) | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) |
| Stroke | |||||||
| Male | 8967 | 690 | 23,522 | 29.33 (27.22–31.61) | – | – | – |
| Female | 6867 | 447 | 17,196 | 25.99 (23.69–28.52) | 0.89 (0.79–1.00) | 0.97 (0.86–1.10) | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) |
Adjustment 1: Age at dual diagnosis, diabetes duration, calendar year and educational level
Adjustment 2: adjustment 1 + HbA1c, LDL, eGFR, lipid lowering medication, and antihypertensive medication
HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c; LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; GFR glomerular filtration rate
aUpper limit of 95% confidence interval < 1.00