Table 5.

Performance comparison of UWB MIMO antennas.

Ref Year	Isolation Technique	Number of Ports	Size (mm2)	Bandwidth (GHz)	Gain (dBi)	Isolation Level (dB)	SAR (W/Kg) (Frequency GHz)	Diversity Parameters					Shape of Isolation Network
								MEG (dB)	TARC (dB)	Diversity Gain (dB)	ECC	CCL (Bit/sec/Hz)
[19] 2018	Defected ground plane	2	22 × 31	2.9–12	2.31	<−15	-	-	-	-	0.3	0.4	Slot etched on the modified T—shaped on the ground plane
[68] 2022	Defected ground plane	2	55 × 35	3–12	-	<−19	1.27 (9 GHz)	-	-	<9.975	<0.06	-	E-shaped stub at the ground surface
[69] 2021	Antenna placement and orientation	4	12 × 202	2.75–12	3.41	<−25	0.02	<−1	<−10	>9.5	<0.18	<0.1	Distance of 0.07 λ between the elements
[70] 2022	Defected ground plane	2	40 × 70	1.83–8	4.4	<−22	-	<−2.53	<−10	>9.6	<0.01	<0.2	Two “I” shaped stubs in series on the ground plane
[71] 2022	Defected ground plane	2	50 × 35	1.83–13.82	4.21	<−21	0.784 (8 GHz) 0.893 (11 GHz)	<−3	<−10	>9.9	<0.059	<0.35	Two inverted “U” shaped stubs on ground plane
[72] 2022	Antenna placement and orientation	4	58 × 58	3.1–12	3.957	<−16	0.513 (4 GHz), 0.316 (8 GHz)	-	<−12	>9.6	<0.1	<0.2	Orthogonal alignment with a 6 mm gap between the antennas
[73] 2019	Defected ground plane	2	55 × 35	2.74–12.33	6.9	<−26	-	-	-	>9.9	0.1	0.13	8 shaped stubs placed on ground structure
[74] 2022	Antenna placement and orientation	4	40 × 12	(2.1–2.6), (3.1–12)	3.1	<−20	0.308 (2.4 GHZ), 0.329 (3 GHz), 0.543 (6 GHZ), 0.873 (10 GHz)	-	<−10	>9.4	<0.1	<0.25	Distance of 0.07 λ between the elements
[75] 2022	Defected ground plane	4	92 × 92	2–14	7.2	<−15	0.0058 (3 GHz), 0.0089 (5 GHz), 0.0125 (7 GHz)	-	<−10	>9.6	<0.36	<0.4	Truncating circular ground from both sides near the patch
[76] 2019	Neutralization line	2	30 × 50	3.14–9.73	-	<−32	-	-	<−10	>9.8	<0.1	<0.2	Staircase shape parasitic element connect both the antenna