Table 1.
The immunomodulatory capacity and differentiation potential of perinatal cells reviewed in this study.
| Immunomodulation Activity | AESC | WJ-MSC | AFSC | AM-MSC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhibiting the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells | [137,138] | [139] | [133] | |
| Reducing of the activation of dendritic cells | [62] | [140] | [134] | |
| Reducing B cell activation | [62] | [141] | ||
| Anti-proliferative effect on activated PBMC | [21,74] | [142] | [128] | |
| [143,144] | [142] | |||
| Promoting the anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2) of macrophage populations | [145] | [146] | [129,130] | |
| Reducing T lymphocytes proliferation | [75,138] | [81,115,140] | [133] | [133] |
| In vivo allogenic transplantation | [37,51,75,147] | [84,85,99,112] | ||
| Increased expression of: TGF-β1, IL-6, TSG-6, PGE-2 |
[148] | [112,140] | ||
| Secretion of EVs | [115,149] | [115] | ||
| Secretion of: IL-10, PGE2, hyaluronic acid |
[112,140] | |||
| Expression of HLA Ib | [57,58,59] | [81] | ||
| Expression of migration inhibitor factor (MIF) | [62] | |||
| Differentiation capacity | AECs | WJ-MSCs | AFSCs | AM-MSCs |
| Expression of pluripotency markers: NANOG, OCT-4, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA1-60, TRA1-80 |
[34] | [150] | [151] | [152] |
| Pancreatic-endodermic lineage | [18,43,45] | [95,102,106,153] | [154] | [135,136] |
Abbreviations: AEC: amniotic epithelial cells; WJ-MSC: Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem/stromal cells; AFSC: amniotic fluid stem cells; AM-MSC: amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; Th1: T helper type 1; Th17: T helper type 17; TGF-β1: transforming growth factor beta 1; IL-6: interleukin 6; TSG-6: tumor necrosis factor stimulated gene-6; PGE-2: prostaglandin E2; EVs: extracellular vesicles; IL-10: interleukin 10; HLA-1b: Human Leukocyte Antigen 1b; MIF: migration inhibitor factor.