Figure 4.

Circulating levels of total adiponectin (A), HMW-adiponectin plasma levels (B) and adiponectin/WAT weight ratio (C) in male offspring of dams treated with CCX or vehicle during lactation. Total adiponectin content in EWAT and IWAT depots (D), the protein levels of T-cadherin (T-CADH) (E) in gastrocnemius muscle and phosphorylated (p-) AMPK (F) in the soleus muscle, as well as the expression levels of adiponectin and lipid metabolism-related genes in liver, soleus muscle and IWAT (G) are also shown. Total adiponectin/g WAT was computed as the quotient between the plasma total adiponectin levels and the sum of the EWAT, MWAT, RWAT and IWAT depot weights. Data are the mean ± SEM (n = 10–13) for the plasma total adiponectin, adiponectin/WAT weight ratio and adiponectin content in white adipose tissue depots and the mean ± SEM (n = 8) for the other analyses. D, effect of the type of diet; P: metabolic programming effect of CCX; DxP: the interaction between diet and metabolic programming effect of CCX (two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). $ The effect of diet within vehicle groups; * metabolic programming effect of CCX within STD groups (Student’s t test, p < 0.05). STD, chow diet; veh, vehicle; CCX, cocoanox extract; CAF, cafeteria diet; HMW, high molecular weight; WAT, white adipose tissue; EWAT, epididymal white adipose tissue; IWAT, inguinal white adipose tissue; T-CADH, T-cadherin; β-ACTIN, beta-actin; (p)-AMPK, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase; Adipor1, adiponectin receptor 1; Adipor2, adiponectin receptor 2; Acc2, acetyl CoA carboxylase 2; Pparα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; Adipoq, adiponectin; Ero1-Lα, endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1-like protein alpha; DsbAL, disulfide-bond-A oxidoreductase-like protein.