Table 1.

Study eligibility criteria based on PICOS.

	Inclusion	Exclusion
Population	Humans Any disease groups	Animals
Intervention	Use ML techniques Implemented in healthcare settings or approved by the FDA, EMA or equivalent body	Systems without ML component Purely logic-based systems
Comparator	Not relevant	Not relevant
Outcomes	Implementation results or evaluation Implementation barriers Implementation facilitators Economic benefits, process improvement, treatment outcomes, etc.	Papers without implementation results (other than technical and algorithmic performance)
Study type	Prospective validation in clinical settings Retrospective implementation evaluation Published between 2015 and 2021	Review papers, expert opinions Non-English papers Pilot and experimental studies without real-world implementation