Figure 9.

Preventive effects of resveratrol and 3d against H₂O₂-induced intracellular ROS production in HUVECs. Bars indicate intracellular ROS production (%) in HUVECs exposed to H₂O₂ 100 µM for 2 h. Pre-incubation of resveratrol (Resv) and 3d (10, 30, and 100 µM) for 1 h prevented H₂O₂-induced ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. * indicates significant difference vs. vehicle (*** p < 0.001) while § indicates significant difference vs. H₂O₂ 100 µM (§ p < 0.05; §§§ p < 0.001).