4-HNE	4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
β3-AR	beta-3 adrenergic receptor
8-OHdG	8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine
ACC	acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Aldh1a1	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1
AGIQ	alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin
ALP	alkaline phosphatase
AMP	adenosine monophosphate
AMPK	5′AMP-activated protein kinase
apoE	apolipoprotein E
AUC	area under the plasma concentration–time curve
BHT	butylated hydroxytoluene
BrdU	5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine
BUN	blood urea nitrogen
CAR	constitutive androstane receptor
CD3	cluster of differentiation 3
Chrm2	cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2
Chrna7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit
Cmax	maximum plasma concentration
Cox2	cyclooxygenase-2; prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
COXIV	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4
Cpd	compound
CPT1	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1
Cyp1a1	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1
Cyp2b2	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 2
DEN	N-diethylnitrosamine
DMF	N,N-dimethyl formamide
DR5	death receptor 5
DSS	dextran sulphate sodium
ED2	liver macrophages of the ED2 phenotype
EFSA	European Food Safety Authority
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase
EMIQ	enzymatically modified isoquercitrin
FAS	fatty acid synthase
FOS	Fos proto-oncogene
GFAP	glial fibrillary acidic protein
GLP-1	glucagon-like peptide-1
GLUT4	glucose transporter type 4
GMP	good manufacturing practices
Gpx	glutathione peroxidase
GRAS	generally recognized as safe
Grin2d	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2D
Gstm1	glutathione S-transferase, mu 1
GST-P	glutathione S-tranferase placental form
γ-GTP	gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
HO-1	heme oxygenase-1
HOMA-IR	Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance; homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance
Iba1	ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1
IFN-γ	type II interferon
IgE	immunoglobulin E
IL	interleukin
IQ	isoquercitrin
IQG	isoquercitrin with α-glucose moiety
IQGn	isoquercitrin win n α-glucose moieties
JAK	Janus kinase
LD50	median lethal dose
LPH	lactase-phlorizin hydrolase
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
Kif21b	kinesin family member 21B
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
Mapk8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8
Mapk14	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14
Mapkapk3	mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated proteinkinase 3
MCAD	medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
MGAM	mucosal maltose-glucoamylase
Me1	malic enzyme 1
MN-RET	micronucleated reticulocyte(s)
Mrp2	multidrug resistance-associated protein 2; ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, member 2
NADPH	reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NEFA	non-esterified fatty acid
Nfkbia	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha
NOAEL	no-observed-adverse-effect level
NOX	NADPH oxidase
Ntrk2	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2
OECD	Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
p.o.	per os; oral administration
PCNA	proliferating cell nuclear antigen
p-ERK1/2	phospho-ERK1/2
PGC-1α	PPAR-γ coactivator 1α
PPARα	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
PRDM 16	PR-domain containing protein 16
QU	quercetin
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RT	rutin
Serpine1	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1
SGLT 1	sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1
SHR	spontaneously hypertensive rat
Slc17a6	solute carrier family 17 member 6
SREBP1	sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
SSZ	sulfasalazine
STAT	signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins
TBARS	thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
TGF-β	transforming growth factor β
Tmax	time to reach Cmax
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor α
Tnfrsf10b	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b
Tp53	tumor protein p53
TUNEL	terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labelining
Txn1	thioredoxin 1
UCP 1	uncoupling protein 1
UDP	uridine 5′-diphosphate
U.S. FDA	The United States Food and Drug Administration
UV-C	ultraviolet C light
VCO2	carbon dioxide production
VO2	oxygen consumption
WRS	water-restraint stress
Yc2	glutathione S-transferase Yc2 subunit