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. 2022 Nov 24;12(23):3279. doi: 10.3390/ani12233279

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Non-enzymatic defense systems contributed by vitamins, minerals, proteins, and phytonutrients found in dietary sources. Different components from vitamins, minerals, proteins, and phytonutrients exhibit antioxidant activities in the biological systems by scavenging free radicals and/or chelating metal ions.