Table 2.
Production systems offering different status of antioxidant function and oxidative stress.
Cattle Production | Production Systems | Sheep Production |
---|---|---|
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Grazing systems offering high to moderate antioxidant function (cattle and sheep grazing tall fescue pasture) (left) and perennial ryegrass (right) in spring. |
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Grazing systems offering marginal antioxidants and point of ROS development and free radical formation. Photos taken in autumn season. |
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Poor antioxidant function and oxidative stress due to malnutrition caused by drought and lack of green grass availability. Photos taken in summer season. |
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Incidence of high ketone bodies in the blood, increased somatic cells in milk, and dark cutting meat in cattle. | Initiation of cellular dysfunction and metabolic disorders, leading to reduced performance and product quality. | Lower muscle: fat ratio in the carcass and reduced eating quality of meat in sheep. |