Skip to main content
. 2022 Nov 24;12(23):3279. doi: 10.3390/ani12233279

Table 2.

Production systems offering different status of antioxidant function and oxidative stress.

Cattle Production Production Systems Sheep Production
graphic file with name animals-12-03279-i001.jpg Grazing systems offering high to moderate antioxidant function (cattle and sheep grazing tall fescue pasture) (left) and perennial ryegrass (right) in spring. graphic file with name animals-12-03279-i002.jpg
graphic file with name animals-12-03279-i003.jpg Grazing systems offering marginal antioxidants and point of ROS development and free radical formation. Photos taken in autumn season. graphic file with name animals-12-03279-i004.jpg
graphic file with name animals-12-03279-i005.jpg Poor antioxidant function and oxidative stress due to malnutrition caused by drought and lack of green grass availability. Photos taken in summer season. graphic file with name animals-12-03279-i006.jpg
Incidence of high ketone bodies in the blood, increased somatic cells in milk, and dark cutting meat in cattle. Initiation of cellular dysfunction and metabolic disorders, leading to reduced performance and product quality. Lower muscle: fat ratio in the carcass and reduced eating quality of meat in sheep.