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Effect of L. acidophilus on cytokines in colon. (a) TNF-α, (b) IL-1β, (c) IL-10, and (d) IL-17. *: p < 0.05. **: p < 0.01. ***: p < 0.001. N.s.: no significant difference. All data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). The DSS group was used as a reference.
